{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244579622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351003742-2","title":"Beginnings","display_name":"Beginnings","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244579622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351003742-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781351003742-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351003742-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351003742-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hitler and Nazi Germany","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798551549","display_name":"Hitler and Nazi Germany"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038036601","display_name":"Jackson J. Spielvogel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackson J. Spielvogel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061079472","display_name":"David Redles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Redles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52345743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"20","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13537","display_name":"German legal, social, and political studies","score":0.4207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13537","display_name":"German legal, social, and political studies","score":0.4207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.27149999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12645","display_name":"European history and politics","score":0.09139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weimar-republic","display_name":"Weimar Republic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-democracy","display_name":"German democracy","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-of-versailles","display_name":"Treaty of Versailles","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-i-aftermath","display_name":"World War I aftermath","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-army","display_name":"German army","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-leadership","display_name":"political leadership","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-national-people-s-party","display_name":"German National People's Party","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarianism","display_name":"authoritarianism","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-problems","display_name":"socio-economic problems","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hermann-hesse","display_name":"Hermann Hesse","score":0.9449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3056815266609192}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781351003742-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351003742-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351003742-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hitler and Nazi Germany","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W638846700","https://openalex.org/W7016001984","https://openalex.org/W4388121384","https://openalex.org/W1019252913","https://openalex.org/W2497146826","https://openalex.org/W2476719336","https://openalex.org/W2497367883","https://openalex.org/W4236788782","https://openalex.org/W2481425209","https://openalex.org/W2490943753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,37,80],"result":[2],"of":[3,25,39,55,71,82,109,125,138,142,146],"first":[4],"World":[5],"War,":[6],"Germany":[7],"experienced":[8],"considerable":[9],"internal":[10],"disorder.":[11],"The":[12,31,60,112,129],"Weimar":[13,73,113,143],"Republic,":[14],"Germany\u2019s":[15],"experiment":[16],"in":[17,57,67,102],"parliamentary":[18],"democracy,":[19],"was":[20,49,79,115],"established":[21],"at":[22],"the":[23,26,42,53,69,72,91,96,107,110,132,139,150],"end":[24,108],"war":[27],"under":[28],"arduous":[29],"circumstances.":[30],"new":[32],"republican":[33],"government,":[34],"led":[35],"by":[36,106],"coalition":[38],"Social":[40],"Democrats,":[41,48],"Catholic":[43],"Center":[44],"Party,":[45,100],"and":[46,95,120,154],"German":[47,61,92,97],"forced":[50],"to":[51,131],"accept":[52],"Treaty":[54],"Versailles":[56],"June":[58],"1919.":[59],"army":[62],"played":[63],"an":[64,103],"important":[65],"role":[66],"undermining":[68],"foundations":[70],"Republic.":[74],"One":[75],"serious":[76,118],"political":[77,89],"problem":[78],"dearth":[81],"truly":[83],"outstanding":[84],"democratic":[85],"leaders.":[86],"Two":[87],"other":[88],"parties,":[90],"People\u2019s":[93,99],"Party":[94],"National":[98],"moved":[101],"authoritarian":[104],"direction":[105],"1920s.":[111],"Republic":[114],"faced":[116],"with":[117],"economic":[119],"social":[121],"problems":[122],"for":[123],"most":[124],"its":[126],"existence.":[127],"In":[128],"Journey":[130],"East":[133],",":[134],"Hermann":[135],"Hesse,":[136],"one":[137],"greatest":[140],"novelists":[141],"Germany,":[144],"spoke":[145],"\u201cthis":[147],"period":[148],"since":[149],"world":[151],"war,":[152],"troubled":[153],"confused,":[155],"yet,":[156],"despite":[157],"this,":[158],"fertile.\u201d.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
