{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244574064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","title":"Distributed Systems","display_name":"Distributed Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244574064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptographic Primitives in Blockchain Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4254460476","display_name":"Cryptographic Primitives in Blockchain Technology"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047535012","display_name":"Andreas Bolfing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bolfing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047535012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87761021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-systems","display_name":"distributed systems","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centralized-systems","display_name":"centralized systems","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralized-systems","display_name":"decentralized systems","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cap-theorem","display_name":"CAP theorem","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithms","display_name":"consensus algorithms","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"fault tolerance","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-failures","display_name":"Byzantine failures","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-systems","display_name":"asynchronous systems","score":0.5740000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776261394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315562","display_name":"Impossibility","level":2,"score":0.8524492979049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.7152835726737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.6894214153289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6867921352386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6696906089782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5931568741798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.5358729362487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4638967514038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31388003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624548","display_name":"Strong consistency","level":3,"score":0.4175525903701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4086237847805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17042145133018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.16817331314086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11385101079940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.10287469625473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862840.003.0005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptographic Primitives in Blockchain Technology","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":173,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61549430","https://openalex.org/W74718542","https://openalex.org/W88444553","https://openalex.org/W108218230","https://openalex.org/W115629558","https://openalex.org/W118842186","https://openalex.org/W129557911","https://openalex.org/W142480594","https://openalex.org/W170104151","https://openalex.org/W320829365","https://openalex.org/W402685281","https://openalex.org/W640786531","https://openalex.org/W832635820","https://openalex.org/W1409727619","https://openalex.org/W1495083464","https://openalex.org/W1508143344","https://openalex.org/W1523099545","https://openalex.org/W1525538022","https://openalex.org/W1533007301","https://openalex.org/W1534388293","https://openalex.org/W1536729852","https://openalex.org/W1542068190","https://openalex.org/W1549228503","https://openalex.org/W1552521662","https://openalex.org/W1553435762","https://openalex.org/W1564067556","https://openalex.org/W1565589595","https://openalex.org/W1566345534","https://openalex.org/W1567573409","https://openalex.org/W1567835710","https://openalex.org/W1593596963","https://openalex.org/W1597159947","https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W1602301309","https://openalex.org/W1603565383","https://openalex.org/W1604638414","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1675339804","https://openalex.org/W1751074114","https://openalex.org/W1758781646","https://openalex.org/W1788426572","https://openalex.org/W1819513546","https://openalex.org/W1854386652","https://openalex.org/W1857035554","https://openalex.org/W1871651397","https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1882598960","https://openalex.org/W1897250020","https://openalex.org/W1935672779","https://openalex.org/W1957825227","https://openalex.org/W1964729314","https://openalex.org/W1967908173","https://openalex.org/W1979485530","https://openalex.org/W1980439064","https://openalex.org/W1990071731","https://openalex.org/W1991153938","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W1998351878","https://openalex.org/W1998924745","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2007331382","https://openalex.org/W2008272678","https://openalex.org/W2011319246","https://openalex.org/W2012589104","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2028358228","https://openalex.org/W2030877481","https://openalex.org/W2034791526","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2036378739","https://openalex.org/W2039164882","https://openalex.org/W2040993775","https://openalex.org/W2046569422","https://openalex.org/W2054584570","https://openalex.org/W2061819031","https://openalex.org/W2071593615","https://openalex.org/W2075252632","https://openalex.org/W2077240273","https://openalex.org/W2080947580","https://openalex.org/W2083889349","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2086815197","https://openalex.org/W2088091599","https://openalex.org/W2096756359","https://openalex.org/W2096825367","https://openalex.org/W2098801947","https://openalex.org/W2099459744","https://openalex.org/W2102236864","https://openalex.org/W2102542363","https://openalex.org/W2103239853","https://openalex.org/W2104633167","https://openalex.org/W2106561513","https://openalex.org/W2109371739","https://openalex.org/W2116643105","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2131848219","https://openalex.org/W2133252868","https://openalex.org/W2133943294","https://openalex.org/W2135205181","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2144232511","https://openalex.org/W2147567981","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2156699800","https://openalex.org/W2163350510","https://openalex.org/W2172273481","https://openalex.org/W2172433705","https://openalex.org/W2231274371","https://openalex.org/W2291981602","https://openalex.org/W2335111715","https://openalex.org/W2336319333","https://openalex.org/W2390048611","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2400247270","https://openalex.org/W2401965054","https://openalex.org/W2460893546","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2494593513","https://openalex.org/W2501315966","https://openalex.org/W2520539619","https://openalex.org/W2587454507","https://openalex.org/W2594957007","https://openalex.org/W2604745103","https://openalex.org/W2613838709","https://openalex.org/W2621530037","https://openalex.org/W2623867443","https://openalex.org/W2632982765","https://openalex.org/W2729396025","https://openalex.org/W2762094014","https://openalex.org/W2766522683","https://openalex.org/W2782579083","https://openalex.org/W2794556148","https://openalex.org/W2798392044","https://openalex.org/W2809281533","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2887566755","https://openalex.org/W2889181556","https://openalex.org/W2889944218","https://openalex.org/W2895182117","https://openalex.org/W2900370870","https://openalex.org/W2911857293","https://openalex.org/W2912193749","https://openalex.org/W2916086000","https://openalex.org/W2952398846","https://openalex.org/W2985979562","https://openalex.org/W2986959318","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3027818173","https://openalex.org/W3031602617","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3157578321","https://openalex.org/W3200493159","https://openalex.org/W4205284036","https://openalex.org/W4205912319","https://openalex.org/W4206840328","https://openalex.org/W4210489512","https://openalex.org/W4229927789","https://openalex.org/W4230613327","https://openalex.org/W4231286867","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4241366606","https://openalex.org/W4242700969","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4246892041","https://openalex.org/W4252937307","https://openalex.org/W4253860523","https://openalex.org/W4297991408","https://openalex.org/W6949043317","https://openalex.org/W7100988985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099152451","https://openalex.org/W4253476714","https://openalex.org/W1750174596","https://openalex.org/W4387197965","https://openalex.org/W7168051445","https://openalex.org/W1944562667","https://openalex.org/W4368755729","https://openalex.org/W1552521662","https://openalex.org/W1976682245","https://openalex.org/W7137616965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Chapter":[1],"5":[2],"considers":[3,81],"distributed":[4,26,54,101],"systems":[5,55],"by":[6,165],"their":[7],"properties.":[8],"The":[9,49,90,134,162],"first":[10],"section":[11,92],"studies":[12,29],"the":[13,30,77,82,95,113,138,155,159,171],"classification":[14,43],"of":[15,45,59,73,118],"software":[16],"systems,":[17,102],"which":[18,143],"is":[19,39,76,137,147],"usually":[20],"distinguished":[21],"in":[22,100,116,131,158,174],"centralized,":[23],"decentralized":[24],"and":[25,87],"systems.":[27],"It":[28],"differences":[31],"between":[32,84],"these":[33],"three":[34],"major":[35],"approaches,":[36],"showing":[37],"there":[38,146],"a":[40,46],"rather":[41],"multidimensional":[42],"instead":[44],"linear":[47],"one.":[48],"most":[50],"important":[51,71],"case":[52,75,123],"are":[53,124,129],"that":[56,80,128,145,151,169],"enable":[57,109],"spreading":[58],"computational":[60,67],"tasks":[61],"across":[62],"several":[63],"autonomous,":[64],"independently":[65],"acting":[66],"entities.":[68],"A":[69],"very":[70,121],"result":[72,136,173],"this":[74],"CAP":[78],"theorem":[79],"trade-off":[83],"consistency,":[85],"availability":[86],"partition":[88],"tolerance.":[89],"last":[91],"deals":[93],"with":[94],"possibility":[96],"to":[97,154,176],"reach":[98,177],"consensus":[99,107,156],"discussing":[103],"how":[104],"fault":[105],"tolerant":[106],"mechanisms":[108],"mutual":[110],"agreement":[111],"among":[112],"individual":[114],"entities":[115],"presence":[117],"failures.":[119],"One":[120],"special":[122],"so-called":[125,139],"Byzantine":[126],"failures":[127],"discussed":[130],"great":[132],"detail.":[133],"main":[135],"FLP":[140],"Impossibility":[141],"Result":[142],"states":[144],"no":[148],"deterministic":[149],"algorithm":[150],"guarantees":[152],"solution":[153],"problem":[157],"asynchronous":[160],"case.":[161],"chapter":[163],"concludes":[164],"considering":[166],"practical":[167],"solutions":[168],"circumvent":[170],"impossibility":[172],"order":[175],"consensus.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}