{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244319398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","title":"Bridging","display_name":"Bridging","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244319398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/980190.980237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=980237&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421058","display_name":"Theoretical Issues In Natural Language Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing - TINLAP '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=980237&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047363625","display_name":"Herbert H. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-666X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-666X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Herbert H. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047363625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.7846999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.7846999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.19460000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"bridging","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discourse-structure","display_name":"discourse structure","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discourse-relations","display_name":"discourse relations","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"natural language processing","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.8247483968734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.771003007888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6283013820648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4543239176273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3661494255065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12312856316566467}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/980190.980237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=980237&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421058","display_name":"Theoretical Issues In Natural Language Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing - TINLAP '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/980190.980237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=980237&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421058","display_name":"Theoretical Issues In Natural Language Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing - TINLAP '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4244319398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4244319398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135102358","https://openalex.org/W2012473967","https://openalex.org/W2293656215","https://openalex.org/W1975673151","https://openalex.org/W2000662649","https://openalex.org/W2088210124","https://openalex.org/W4239984535","https://openalex.org/W7071653949","https://openalex.org/W4292816242","https://openalex.org/W2089258426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Article":[0],"Free":[1],"Access":[2],"Share":[3],"on":[4,26,80],"Bridging":[5],"Author:":[6],"Herbert":[7],"H.":[8],"Clark":[9],"Stanford":[10,12],"University":[11],"UniversityView":[13],"Profile":[14],"Authors":[15],"Info":[16],"&":[17],"Claims":[18],"TINLAP":[19],"'75:":[20],"Proceedings":[21],"of":[22],"the":[23,81],"1975":[24,33],"workshop":[25],"Theoretical":[27],"issues":[28],"in":[29,89],"natural":[30],"language":[31],"processingJune":[32],"Pages":[34],"169\u2013174https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980237Published:10":[35],"June":[36],"1975Publication":[37],"History":[38],"24citation805DownloadsMetricsTotal":[39],"Citations24Total":[40],"Downloads805Last":[41],"12":[42],"Months40Last":[43],"6":[44],"weeks5":[45],"Get":[46],"Citation":[47,49,86],"AlertsNew":[48,85],"Alert":[50],"added!This":[51],"alert":[52,77],"has":[53,72],"been":[54,73],"successfully":[55],"added":[56],"and":[57],"will":[58,62],"be":[59,63],"sent":[60],"to:You":[61],"notified":[64],"whenever":[65],"a":[66,98],"record":[67],"that":[68],"you":[69],"have":[70],"chosen":[71],"cited.To":[74],"manage":[75],"your":[76,91],"preferences,":[78],"click":[79],"button":[82],"below.Manage":[83],"my":[84],"Alert!Please":[87],"log":[88],"to":[90,94,96],"account":[92],"Save":[93],"BinderSave":[95],"BinderCreate":[97],"New":[99],"BinderNameCancelCreateExport":[100],"CitationPublisher":[101],"SiteeReaderPDF":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}