{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244294747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","title":"Focusing on Women in STEM: A Longitudinal Examination of Gender-Based Earning Gap of College Graduates","display_name":"Focusing on Women in STEM: A Longitudinal Examination of Gender-Based Earning Gap of College Graduates","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244294747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71326023","display_name":"The Journal of Higher Education","issn_l":"0022-1546","issn":["0022-1546","1538-4640"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039012869","display_name":"Yonghong Jade Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-1051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-1051","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-5779"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yonghong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039012869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.3896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9921675,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"4","first_page":"489","last_page":"523"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.4609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.4609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.31520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.17630000412464142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-stem","display_name":"women in STEM","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-graduates","display_name":"university graduates","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-careers","display_name":"STEM careers","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-differentials","display_name":"wage differentials","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-responsibilities","display_name":"family responsibilities","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-family-balance","display_name":"work-family balance","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-friendly-workplace","display_name":"family-friendly workplace","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-educational-attainment","display_name":"women's educational attainment","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality-in-employment","display_name":"gender inequality in employment","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.6983338594436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4867393970489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4735656976699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3954492211341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3940488398075104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.37269672751426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.36068210005760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3570156693458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2544427514076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22575116157531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17543789744377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1466541886329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10713118314743042}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71326023","display_name":"The Journal of Higher Education","issn_l":"0022-1546","issn":["0022-1546","1538-4640"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/584346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/584346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:uhejxx:v:86:y:2015:i:4:p:489-523","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138104133","https://openalex.org/W160415927","https://openalex.org/W612380744","https://openalex.org/W1496902030","https://openalex.org/W1501886583","https://openalex.org/W1521738003","https://openalex.org/W1528074835","https://openalex.org/W1549599670","https://openalex.org/W1560821283","https://openalex.org/W1574993384","https://openalex.org/W1605090192","https://openalex.org/W1644761164","https://openalex.org/W1907499333","https://openalex.org/W1979374289","https://openalex.org/W1979672335","https://openalex.org/W1986949222","https://openalex.org/W1990621963","https://openalex.org/W1994724028","https://openalex.org/W1997876625","https://openalex.org/W1999581175","https://openalex.org/W2002520138","https://openalex.org/W2004095202","https://openalex.org/W2024166321","https://openalex.org/W2024827384","https://openalex.org/W2029394297","https://openalex.org/W2034902420","https://openalex.org/W2036817098","https://openalex.org/W2059425733","https://openalex.org/W2067034451","https://openalex.org/W2087188675","https://openalex.org/W2087362634","https://openalex.org/W2108100200","https://openalex.org/W2113361047","https://openalex.org/W2115090945","https://openalex.org/W2132940500","https://openalex.org/W2133188704","https://openalex.org/W2135590639","https://openalex.org/W2157360563","https://openalex.org/W2158117696","https://openalex.org/W2163685210","https://openalex.org/W2163834108","https://openalex.org/W2169177526","https://openalex.org/W2171648271","https://openalex.org/W2328448403","https://openalex.org/W4240039961","https://openalex.org/W4241502104","https://openalex.org/W4242130876","https://openalex.org/W4246141009","https://openalex.org/W4247039117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154618996","https://openalex.org/W4206500770","https://openalex.org/W2522882100","https://openalex.org/W4400857370","https://openalex.org/W4393084487","https://openalex.org/W7154948847","https://openalex.org/W7222971124","https://openalex.org/W4415148198","https://openalex.org/W4200541482","https://openalex.org/W2000589556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,40],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,16,43,55,70,78,104],"underrepresentation":[4],"of":[5,18,47,73,82,106,126],"women":[6,76,88,107,127],"in":[7,50,89,108],"science,":[8],"technology,":[9],"engineering,":[10],"and":[11,53,60,75,124,131,152],"mathematics":[12],"(STEM)":[13],"occupations":[14,91],"from":[15],"aspect":[17],"earning":[19,45,56,71,94,156],"differentials.":[20],"Using":[21],"a":[22,33,66,117,129,145],"national":[23],"data":[24],"source":[25],"that":[26,87,120],"tracked":[27],"college":[28,48],"graduates'":[29],"work":[30],"experiences":[31],"over":[32],"ten-year":[34],"time":[35],"frame":[36],"post-bachelor's":[37],"degree,":[38],"this":[39],"examines":[41],"longitudinally":[42],"gender-based":[44],"gaps":[46],"graduates":[49],"STEM":[51,59,90,109],"fields,":[52,110],"compares":[54],"differentials":[57],"between":[58,69],"non-STEM":[61],"occupations.":[62],"The":[63],"findings":[64,85],"indicate":[65,86],"significant":[67],"departure":[68],"profiles":[72],"men":[74],"within":[77],"first":[79],"ten":[80],"years":[81],"employment.":[83],"Further,":[84],"experienced":[92],"multiple":[93],"penalties":[95],"concurrent":[96],"with":[97],"their":[98,149,155],"growing":[99],"family":[100],"obligations.":[101],"To":[102],"increase":[103,148],"representation":[105],"interventions":[111],"are":[112,135],"called":[113],"for":[114],"to":[115,123,137,141,147,153],"encourage":[116],"family-friendly":[118],"workplace":[119],"is":[121],"open":[122],"supportive":[125],"managing":[128],"home":[130],"career.":[132],"Also,":[133],"incentives":[134],"needed":[136],"support":[138],"women's":[139],"continuation":[140],"graduate":[142],"education":[143],"as":[144],"means":[146],"human":[150],"capital":[151],"level":[154],"power.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}