{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4243132765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","title":"The Absence of Black Supervillains in Mainstream Comics1","display_name":"The Absence of Black Supervillains in Mainstream Comics1","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4243132765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464215","display_name":"University Press of Mississippi eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Supervillain Reader","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013297506","display_name":"The Supervillain Reader"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113926666","display_name":"Phillip Lamarr Cunningham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Lamarr Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113926666"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55484151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"274","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-superheroes","display_name":"Black superheroes","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/richard-nixon","display_name":"Richard Nixon","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watergate-scandal","display_name":"Watergate","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/villainy","display_name":"villainy","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1970s-popular-culture","display_name":"1970s popular culture","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.8016499876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.6935343742370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.598771870136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.5593981742858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.46233293414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.44769302010536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4025467038154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3454832136631012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3443676233291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3228696882724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.30987513065338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30010122060775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23177212476730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10220742225646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826466.003.0027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464215","display_name":"University Press of Mississippi eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Supervillain Reader","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126034620","https://openalex.org/W4251728709","https://openalex.org/W2811079784","https://openalex.org/W2070913293","https://openalex.org/W2604623191","https://openalex.org/W4235634309","https://openalex.org/W6987148777","https://openalex.org/W4396236656","https://openalex.org/W4235333020","https://openalex.org/W2020086539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,5,11,35,61,78,88,98,111,118,133],"Watergate":[2],"scandal,":[3],"in":[4,60,86,97,132],"pages":[6],"of":[7,64,77,100,104,130],"Captain":[8],"America":[9,66],"and":[10,69],"Falcon,":[12],"writer":[13],"Steve":[14],"Englehart":[15],"embarked":[16],"on":[17],"a":[18,23,75,105],"multi-issue":[19],"storyline":[20,57],"revolving":[21],"around":[22],"\u201cSecret":[24],"Empire\u201d":[25],"that":[26],"sought":[27],"to":[28,53,109],"covertly":[29],"rule":[30],"America.":[31],"In":[32],"issue#175":[33],"(1974),":[34],"organization\u2019s":[36],"leader,":[37],"\u201cNumber":[38],"One,\u201d":[39],"was":[40],"exposed":[41],"as":[42,74,121],"President":[43],"Richard":[44],"Nixon.":[45],"Rather":[46],"than":[47],"being":[48],"publicly":[49],"exposed,":[50],"\u201cNixon\u201d":[51],"chooses":[52],"commit":[54],"suicide.":[55],"The":[56,102],"would":[58,84],"result":[59],"hero\u2019s":[62],"questioning":[63],"what":[65],"had":[67,95],"become,":[68],"whether":[70],"he":[71,94],"could":[72],"continue":[73],"symbol":[76],"country.":[79],"Coming":[80],"months":[81],"before":[82],"Nixon":[83],"resign":[85],"real-life,":[87],"reader":[89],"can":[90],"see":[91],"how":[92],"far":[93],"fallen":[96],"eyes":[99],"Americans.":[101],"use":[103],"comic":[106],"book":[107],"fiction":[108],"portray":[110],"angerand":[112],"frustration":[113],"with":[114],"someone":[115],"seen":[116],"by":[117],"general":[119],"public":[120],"villainous,":[122],"provides":[123],"an":[124],"excellent":[125],"window":[126],"into":[127],"America\u2019s":[128],"ideas":[129],"\u201cvillainy\u201d":[131],"mid-1970s.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}