{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242942290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","title":"Google, the media patron. How the digital giant ensnares journalism.","display_name":"Google, the media patron. How the digital giant ensnares journalism.","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242942290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013485598","display_name":"Alexander Fanta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Fanta","raw_affiliation_strings":["/o netzpolitik.org Sch\u00f6nhauser Allee 6/7 D-10119 Berlin","Foundation (OBS)","Wilhelm-Leuschner-Stra\u00dfe 79 D-60329 Frankfurt am"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"/o netzpolitik.org Sch\u00f6nhauser Allee 6/7 D-10119 Berlin","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation (OBS)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilhelm-Leuschner-Stra\u00dfe 79 D-60329 Frankfurt am","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116541337","display_name":"Ingo Dachwitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingo Dachwitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["/o netzpolitik.org Sch\u00f6nhauser Allee 6/7 D-10119 Berlin","Foundation (OBS)","Wilhelm-Leuschner-Stra\u00dfe 79 D-60329 Frankfurt am"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"/o netzpolitik.org Sch\u00f6nhauser Allee 6/7 D-10119 Berlin","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation (OBS)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilhelm-Leuschner-Stra\u00dfe 79 D-60329 Frankfurt am","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.4927000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.4927000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.22349999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.18709999322891235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/google","display_name":"Google","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-funding","display_name":"media funding","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-publishing","display_name":"digital publishing","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising-revenue","display_name":"advertising revenue","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-philanthropy","display_name":"corporate philanthropy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-influence-on-journalism","display_name":"corporate influence on journalism","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.6773335337638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6392488479614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119513131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11030","display_name":"Journalism","level":2,"score":0.5588454604148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5542086958885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17632256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076968","display_name":"Digital media","level":2,"score":0.5351439714431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.47147420048713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.4640333652496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.452881395816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38126838207244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17297735810279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.11686095595359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:797464ad-de2b-4e02-926c-6a3a2ba05d1a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/3qbp9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0175-BF6-F58","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31235/OSF.IO/3QBP9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/3qbp9","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46149998903274536}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50890423","https://openalex.org/W2489129985","https://openalex.org/W2605615588","https://openalex.org/W2737999633","https://openalex.org/W2750537489","https://openalex.org/W2752996012","https://openalex.org/W2906534080","https://openalex.org/W2942284065","https://openalex.org/W2980195358","https://openalex.org/W2995269107","https://openalex.org/W3039963564","https://openalex.org/W3125405074","https://openalex.org/W4249053090","https://openalex.org/W4285197198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207595385","https://openalex.org/W2979393688","https://openalex.org/W3133635091","https://openalex.org/W3008901586","https://openalex.org/W4387071247","https://openalex.org/W2896874240","https://openalex.org/W2794147948","https://openalex.org/W6992661857","https://openalex.org/W2167323072","https://openalex.org/W4401467282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,155,246],"study":[1,85,300],"describes":[2,86],"how":[3,87],"Google":[4,80,149,290],"has":[5,27],"funnelled":[6],"more":[7],"than":[8],"200":[9],"million":[10],"euro":[11],"in":[12,31,49,51,134,166],"cash":[13],"gifts":[14,91],"to":[15,33,36,53,189,201,227,238,303],"European":[16,168,204],"media":[17,114,153,190,232,244],"since":[18],"2013,":[19],"while":[20,321],"at":[21],"the":[22,25,69,72,76,79,94,97,146,195,198,217,275,299,334,341,369],"same":[23],"time":[24],"company":[26,100,263],"resisted":[28],"political":[29],"efforts":[30],"Europe":[32,135],"force":[34],"it":[35,282,358],"share":[37],"advertising":[38],"revenue":[39],"with":[40,111,162,234,316],"ailing":[41],"publishing":[42,103,207,317,351],"houses.":[43,104,154,352],"Google\u2019s":[44,88,129,167,183,187,214,257,328],"first":[45],"fund":[46],"was":[47,343],"created":[48],"France":[50],"2013":[52],"appease":[54],"publishers":[55,310],"calling":[56],"for":[57,68,210,297],"a":[58,66,121,143,306,338],"\u201cGoogle":[59],"tax\u201d":[60],"on":[61,108,145,180,274,286,305,346],"digital":[62,119],"advertising.":[63],"This":[64],"provided":[65],"template":[67],"future,":[70],"as":[71,140,142,337],"study\u2019s":[73],"analysis":[74,123,176],"of":[75,78,124,148,177,182,197,213,224,250,277,323,327],"origins":[77,181],"News":[81,131,219,279],"Initiative":[82,132],"shows.":[83],"attention":[89],"and":[90,101,116,138,171,193,229,242,271,311,330],"have":[92,356],"transformed":[93],"relationship":[95],"between":[96,136,191],"Silicon":[98],"Valley":[99],"German":[102,113,152],"Findings":[105],"are":[106,267],"based":[107],"anonymised":[109],"interviews":[110],"25":[112],"executives":[115,318],"journalists":[117],"covering":[118],"media,":[120,298],"data":[122,307],"645":[125],"projects":[126,349],"funded":[127,251],"by":[128,159,173,269],"Digital":[130,218],"(DNI)":[133],"2015":[137,192],"2019,":[139,194],"well":[141],"survey":[144],"use":[147],"tools":[150],"among":[151],"research":[156,239],"is":[157,253,291,301],"flanked":[158],"an":[160,174],"interview":[161],"two":[163],"key":[164,347],"figures":[165,296],"news":[169],"division":[170],"supported":[172],"in-depth":[175],"source":[178],"material":[179],"journalism":[184],"initiative.":[185],"Of":[186],"giving":[188],"bulk":[196],"money":[199,342],"went":[200,226],"long-established":[202],"Western":[203],"publishers.":[205],"Commercial":[206],"businesses":[208],"account":[209],"70":[211],"percent":[212,223],"funding":[215,225,258,265,295,336],"within":[216,350],"Initiative.":[220],"Only":[221],"9":[222],"non-profit":[228],"public":[230],"service":[231],"companies,":[233],"other":[235],"funds":[236],"going":[237],"institutions,":[240],"individuals":[241],"non-journalistic":[243],"start-ups.":[245],"median":[247],"founding":[248],"date":[249],"organisations":[252],"1996,":[254],"which":[255],"shows":[256],"favours":[259],"incumbent":[260],"companies.":[261],"(The":[262],"says":[264],"decisions":[266],"made":[268],"experts":[270],"industry":[272],"leaders":[273],"board":[276],"its":[278],"Initiative,":[280],"but":[281],"hand-picks":[283],"who":[284],"sits":[285],"that":[287,320],"board.)":[288],"While":[289],"not":[292],"transparent":[293],"about":[294],"able":[302],"drawn":[304],"gathered":[308],"from":[309],"publicly":[312],"available":[313],"information.":[314],"Interviews":[315],"show":[319],"most":[322],"them":[324],"were":[325],"sceptical":[326],"motives":[329],"several":[331],"interviewees":[332],"described":[333],"company\u2019s":[335],"PR":[339],"exercise,":[340],"often":[344],"spent":[345],"innovation":[348],"\u201cWell,":[353],"we":[354,361],"wouldn\u2019t":[355],"done":[357],"otherwise,":[359],"because":[360],"simply":[362],"can\u2019t":[363],"afford":[364],"it\u201d,":[365],"one":[366],"manager":[367],"told":[368],"authors.":[370]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
