{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242490692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483872","title":"High-frequency jet nozzle actuators for noise reduction","display_name":"High-frequency jet nozzle actuators for noise reduction","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242490692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.483872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091636901","display_name":"Christopher L. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-4672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-4672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher L. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Co. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Co. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108621019","display_name":"Frederick T. Calkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick T. Calkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Co. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Co. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075368248","display_name":"George W. Butler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George W. Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Co. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Co. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48336529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5054","issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12007","display_name":"Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11096","display_name":"Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet-noise-reduction","display_name":"jet noise reduction","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectric-bimorph-actuator","display_name":"piezoelectric bimorph actuator","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pzt-5a","display_name":"PZT-5A","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-model","display_name":"beam model","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-analysis","display_name":"finite element analysis","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-noise-control","display_name":"active noise control","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/takeoff-noise","display_name":"takeoff noise","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6830291748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.6597601771354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.6416844129562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777717826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854248","display_name":"Takeoff","level":2,"score":0.5808274149894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119947313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596635","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.536737859249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5213354825973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778940620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6188942","display_name":"Jet noise","level":3,"score":0.4734715521335602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44319629669189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2849922776222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2757597267627716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19420629739761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.18829014897346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17902818322181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10606637597084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.483872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2315429627","https://openalex.org/W2747978982","https://openalex.org/W1986604480","https://openalex.org/W1995951386","https://openalex.org/W2330733096","https://openalex.org/W1966721550","https://openalex.org/W4394752378","https://openalex.org/W2321452114","https://openalex.org/W2023490615","https://openalex.org/W3097305908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rules":[0],"governing":[1],"airport":[2],"noise":[3,35,38,68],"levels":[4],"are":[5,90],"becoming":[6],"more":[7],"restrictive":[8],"and":[9,44,53,98,116,159,168,178,197,220,226,248],"will":[10],"soon":[11],"affect":[12],"the":[13,33,57,67,78,93,96,101,122,127,170,174,186,200,206,237,243],"operation":[14],"of":[15,50,56,80,95,126,135,173,245],"commercial":[16],"air":[17],"traffic.":[18],"Sound":[19],"produced":[20,46,235],"by":[21,47],"jet":[22,58,83,207,241],"engine":[23,59],"exhaust,":[24],"particularly":[25],"during":[26],"takeoff,":[27],"is":[28,40,45],"a":[29,62,81],"major":[30],"contributor":[31],"to":[32,65,76,109,121,145,166,184,212],"community":[34],"problem.":[36],"The":[37,88,130,230],"spectrum":[39],"broadband":[41],"in":[42,199],"character":[43],"turbulent":[48],"mixing":[49,79,128],"primary,":[51],"secondary,":[52],"ambient":[54],"streams":[55],"exhaust.":[60],"As":[61],"potential":[63],"approach":[64],"controlling":[66],"levels,":[69],"piezoelectric":[70,131],"bimorph":[71],"actuators":[72,89,132,196],"have":[73],"been":[74],"tailored":[75],"enhance":[77],"single":[82],"with":[84,195,205],"its":[85],"quiescent":[86],"environment.":[87],"located":[91],"at":[92],"edge":[94],"nozzle":[97,192],"protrude":[99],"into":[100],"exhaust":[102],"stream.":[103],"Several":[104],"actuator":[105,227],"configurations":[106],"were":[107,133,164,182],"considered":[108],"target":[110],"two":[111],"excitation":[112],"frequencies,":[113],"250":[114],"Hz":[115],"900":[117],"Hz,":[118],"closely":[119],"coupled":[120],"naturally":[123],"unstable":[124],"frequencies":[125],"process.":[129],"constructed":[134],"10":[136,147],"mil":[137,150],"thick":[138,151],"d31":[139],"poled":[140],"wafer":[141],"PZT-5A":[142],"material":[143],"bonded":[144],"either":[146],"or":[148],"20":[149],"spring":[152],"steel":[153],"substrates.":[154],"Linear":[155],"analytical":[156],"beam":[157],"models":[158,163],"NASTRAN":[160],"finite":[161],"element":[162],"used":[165,183],"predict":[167],"assess":[169],"dynamic":[171],"performance":[172,180],"actuators.":[175,250],"Experimental":[176],"mechanical":[177],"electrical":[179],"measurements":[181],"validate":[185],"models.":[187],"A":[188],"3":[189,238],"inch":[190,239],"diameter":[191,240],"was":[193,216],"fitted":[194],"tested":[198],"Boeing":[201],"Quiet":[202],"Air":[203],"Facility":[204],"velocity":[208],"varied":[209],"from":[210,236],"50":[211],"1000":[213],"ft/s.":[214],"Performance":[215],"evaluated":[217],"using":[218],"near-field":[219],"far-field":[221],"acoustic":[222],"data,":[223],"flow":[224],"visualization,":[225],"health":[228],"data.":[229],"overall":[231],"sound":[232],"pressure":[233],"level":[234],"illustrates":[242],"effect":[244],"both":[246],"static":[247],"active":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}