{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242298602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","title":"Other Situations of Violence: Classification Issues and Concerns: The Nigerian Situation*","display_name":"Other Situations of Violence: Classification Issues and Concerns: The Nigerian Situation*","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242298602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","pdf_url":"http://jlcjnet.com/journals/jlcj/Vol_3_No_1_June_2015/6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223210","display_name":"Journal of Law and Criminal Justice","issn_l":"2374-2682","issn":["2374-2682","2374-2674"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law and Criminal Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://jlcjnet.com/journals/jlcj/Vol_3_No_1_June_2015/6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077464204","display_name":"Theresa U. Akpoghome","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-0134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-0134"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akpoghome, Theresa U","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077464204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-humanitarian-law","display_name":"international humanitarian law","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additional-protocol-ii","display_name":"Additional Protocol II","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-armed-conflict","display_name":"internal armed conflict","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-intervention","display_name":"military intervention","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-armed-forces","display_name":"foreign armed forces","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-of-armed-conflict","display_name":"classification of armed conflict","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-protection","display_name":"civilian protection","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-protection","display_name":"humanitarian protection","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780422510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027938","display_name":"Humanity","level":2,"score":0.7644869685173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778573023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381148","display_name":"International humanitarian law","level":3,"score":0.6859602928161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5405283570289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5184802412986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019338729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198","display_name":"Armed conflict","level":2,"score":0.5166043043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5147674083709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5103065371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.49297332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13367683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860599","display_name":"Internal conflict","level":3,"score":0.42715588212013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173462","display_name":"Crimes against humanity","level":4,"score":0.41012927889823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.38333243131637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.35406768321990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30670204758644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25535380840301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1558070182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13222262263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195064531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135010","display_name":"War crime","level":3,"score":0.13056617975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","pdf_url":"http://jlcjnet.com/journals/jlcj/Vol_3_No_1_June_2015/6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223210","display_name":"Journal of Law and Criminal Justice","issn_l":"2374-2682","issn":["2374-2682","2374-2674"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law and Criminal Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v3n1a6","pdf_url":"http://jlcjnet.com/journals/jlcj/Vol_3_No_1_June_2015/6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223210","display_name":"Journal of Law and Criminal Justice","issn_l":"2374-2682","issn":["2374-2682","2374-2674"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law and Criminal Justice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4242298602.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4242298602.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130770286","https://openalex.org/W4250356735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737986097","https://openalex.org/W192519766","https://openalex.org/W7133932326","https://openalex.org/W4237592304","https://openalex.org/W2908198401","https://openalex.org/W2772481894","https://openalex.org/W7015621074","https://openalex.org/W2958549156","https://openalex.org/W776227216","https://openalex.org/W4412108524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"classification":[1,158],"of":[2,25,34,41,85,92,99,106,119,124,136,139,156,163,168,182,191,209,219,222,234],"conflicts":[3,12,115],"into":[4],"two":[5],"broad":[6,28],"categories":[7],"-international":[8],"and":[9,68,116,141,144,159,172,185,194,224],"internal":[10,114],"armed":[11,66,79],"is":[13,74],"to":[14,38,54,129,165,228,230],"help":[15],"determine":[16],"the":[17,39,69,83,86,89,93,104,107,134,148,157,160,173,179,186,202,217,232],"law":[18,71,95],"that":[19,109,150,211],"applies":[20],"in":[21,96,170],"any":[22,97],"given":[23,52,62],"situation":[24,63,98],"conflict.Beside":[26],"these":[27],"classifications,":[29],"there":[30,73],"are":[31,45],"other":[32,117,166,220],"situations":[33,118,167,221,227],"violence":[35,100,120,169],"which":[36,57,121],"according":[37],"provisions":[40,181],"Additional":[42],"Protocol":[43],"II":[44,184],"not":[46,214],"covered":[47],"by":[48,77,200],"IHL.This":[49],"distinction":[50],"has":[51],"rise":[53],"unsettled":[55],"areas":[56],"revolves":[58],"around":[59],"when":[60,72,131],"a":[61,122,154,196],"becomes":[64],"an":[65,75],"conflict":[67,223],"applicable":[70,94],"intervention":[76],"foreign":[78],"troops":[80],"either":[81],"on":[82,188],"side":[84],"government":[87],"or":[88],"insurgents.The":[90],"issue":[91],"usually":[101],"begins":[102],"with":[103],"analysis":[105],"distinctions":[108],"have":[110,151],"been":[111],"drawn":[112],"between":[113],"lot":[123],"people":[125],"find":[126],"very":[127],"difficult":[128],"understand":[130],"placed":[132],"against":[133],"backdrop":[135],"IHL's":[137,189],"objectives":[138],"humanity":[140,193],"being":[142],"effective":[143],"credible.This":[145],"paper":[146,205],"discusses":[147,178],"concerns":[149],"arisen":[152],"as":[153],"result":[155],"non":[161],"applicability":[162],"IHL":[164],"Nigeria":[171],"justification":[174],"for":[175,198],"such.It":[176],"also":[177,206],"relevant":[180],"AP":[183],"effect":[187],"aim":[190],"protecting":[192],"suggests":[195,207],"possibility":[197],"reform":[199],"reconsidering":[201],"threshold":[203],"question.The":[204],"ways":[208],"ensuring":[210],"State":[212],"do":[213],"hide":[215],"under":[216],"guise":[218],"allow":[225],"such":[226],"continue":[229],"claim":[231],"lives":[233],"civilians.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
