{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242282307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","title":"Stream Double Refraction of Preparations of Crystalline Tobacco-Mosaic Protein","display_name":"Stream Double Refraction of Preparations of Crystalline Tobacco-Mosaic Protein","publication_year":1937,"publication_date":"1937-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242282307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034271287","display_name":"William N. Takahashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William N. Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111434463","display_name":"T. E. Rawlins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. E. Rawlins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71666667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"2195","first_page":"103","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.5898000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.5898000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.18129999935626984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-mosaic-virus","display_name":"tobacco mosaic virus","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-crystals","display_name":"protein crystals","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birefringence","display_name":"birefringence","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-anisotropy","display_name":"optical anisotropy","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-preparation","display_name":"protein preparation","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144707691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332874","display_name":"Tobacco mosaic virus","level":3,"score":0.8966678380966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110739175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133067","display_name":"Mosaic","level":2,"score":0.7641814947128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205318122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72277","display_name":"Refraction","level":2,"score":0.5719435811042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30230239033699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.28927814960479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2486904263496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19075238704681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12863317131996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.07079476118087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.05282965302467346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103.b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.85.2195.103-b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103-b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.85.2195.103-b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997066932","https://openalex.org/W2080578272","https://openalex.org/W6608573185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028436518","https://openalex.org/W2403273698","https://openalex.org/W2484996696","https://openalex.org/W3014885166","https://openalex.org/W2030514722","https://openalex.org/W2460354005","https://openalex.org/W3009449731","https://openalex.org/W7065416011","https://openalex.org/W189443252","https://openalex.org/W3093780826"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
