{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242255299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301527-9","title":"The Social System","display_name":"The Social System","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242255299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301527-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781351301527-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301527-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301527-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toward a General Theory of Action","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300668179","display_name":"Toward a General Theory of Action"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027748495","display_name":"Talcott Parsons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talcott Parsons","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113838928","display_name":"Edward A. Shils","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward A. Shils","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91384118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"190","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12231","display_name":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","score":0.7422000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12231","display_name":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","score":0.7422000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.08739999681711197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12730","display_name":"Weber, Simmel, Sociological Theory","score":0.050599999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-systems","display_name":"social systems","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collectivity","display_name":"collectivity","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roles","display_name":"roles","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-systems","display_name":"personality systems","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-actors","display_name":"individual actors","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-goals","display_name":"collective goals","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-goals","display_name":"shared goals","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"sanctions","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-interaction","display_name":"social interaction","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbency","display_name":"incumbency","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4061519503593445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781351301527-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301527-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351301527-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Toward a General Theory of Action","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7016799637","https://openalex.org/W2488017364","https://openalex.org/W2908362538","https://openalex.org/W2998993234","https://openalex.org/W1870494044","https://openalex.org/W294640855","https://openalex.org/W4401581795","https://openalex.org/W1910949791","https://openalex.org/W1978556887","https://openalex.org/W7098382380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,11,33,48],"social":[1,16,66,76,82,118],"system":[2,17,54,77,83,98,123],"is":[3,57,78,121,135],"made":[4],"up":[5,25],"of":[6,9,29,44,55,64,74,88,94,99,124,126,129,142],"the":[7,15,20,26,30,60,71,75,79,85,107,110,133],"actions":[8,12,22],"individuals.":[10],"which":[13,23,132,139],"constitute":[14],"are":[18,140],"also":[19],"same":[21],"make":[24],"personality":[27],"systems":[28,35],"individual":[31],"actors.":[32],"two":[34],"are,":[36],"however,":[37],"analytically":[38],"discrete":[39],"entitites,":[40],"despite":[41],"this":[42],"identity":[43],"their":[45],"basic":[46],"components.":[47],"\"individual\"":[49],"actor":[50],"as":[51],"a":[52,65,96,115,122,127],"concrete":[53],"action":[56,134],"not":[58],"usually":[59],"most":[61,69],"important":[62],"unit":[63,73],"system.":[67],"For":[68],"purposes":[70],"conceptual":[72],"role.":[80],"A":[81,117],"having":[84],"three":[86],"properties":[87],"collective":[89],"goals,":[90,92],"shared":[91],"and":[93,147],"being":[95],"single":[97],"interaction":[100,125],"with":[101],"boundaries":[102],"defined":[103],"by":[104,137],"incumbency":[105],"in":[106,131],"roles":[108,146],"constituting":[109],"system,":[111,119],"will":[112],"be":[113],"called":[114],"collectivity.":[116],"then,":[120],"plurality":[128],"actors,":[130],"oriented":[136],"rules":[138],"complexes":[141],"complementary":[143],"expectations":[144],"concerning":[145],"sanctions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}