{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242034112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","title":"Networking","display_name":"Networking","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4242034112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464156","display_name":"University of Chicago Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Laws of Cool","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213180887","display_name":"The Laws of Cool"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726186","display_name":"Alan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-3037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-3037"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101726186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50607903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"141","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13066","display_name":"Information Society and Technology Trends","score":0.3752000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13066","display_name":"Information Society and Technology Trends","score":0.3752000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.3677000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.11829999834299088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/networking","display_name":"networking","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"information technology","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-convergence","display_name":"technology convergence","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization-distributed-systems","display_name":"decentralization (distributed systems)","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-architecture","display_name":"information architecture","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-work","display_name":"knowledge work","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-culture","display_name":"network culture","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491","display_name":"Friendship","level":2,"score":0.7131361365318298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87863119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842756","display_name":"Subculture (biology)","level":2,"score":0.702661395072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5824114680290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5441256165504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.48790380358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41020429134368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3841758966445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3813055157661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33813583850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1651923954486847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09451958537101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226487007.003.0007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464156","display_name":"University of Chicago Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Laws of Cool","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151507546","https://openalex.org/W281504113","https://openalex.org/W4255558950","https://openalex.org/W573492439","https://openalex.org/W7039484663","https://openalex.org/W7074142502","https://openalex.org/W2477869518","https://openalex.org/W2355024455","https://openalex.org/W2361432925","https://openalex.org/W1571155266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"about":[1],"1982,":[2],"networking":[3,21],"has":[4],"taken":[5],"the":[6,10,20,41,60,64,66,73,80,85,142,148,155,170],"lead":[7],"in":[8,30,35,56,96],"setting":[9],"agenda":[11],"of":[12,17,28,43,63,82,116,141,157,172],"information":[13,18],"technology.":[14],"In":[15],"terms":[16],"architectures,":[19],"paradigm":[22],"arose":[23],"through":[24,109],"a":[25,110,137,165],"twofold":[26],"rhythm":[27],"convergence":[29,48],"underlying":[31],"technologies":[32,108],"and":[33,52,72,91,113,139],"divergence":[34],"understanding":[36],"what":[37],"might":[38],"be":[39,136],"called":[40],"\u201cphilosophy\u201d":[42],"those":[44],"technologies.":[45],"The":[46,160],"technological":[47],"occurred":[49],"when":[50,99],"computing":[51],"communications":[53],"fused":[54],"together":[55],"three":[57],"overlapping":[58],"stages:":[59],"preliminary":[61],"decade":[62],"1970s,":[65],"years":[67],"from":[68],"1981":[69],"to":[70,79,105,147],"1991,":[71],"early":[74],"1990s.":[75],"Networking":[76],"eroded":[77],"decentralization":[78],"point":[81],"wholly":[83],"ironizing":[84],"putative":[86],"master/slave":[87],"relation":[88],"between":[89],"client":[90],"server.":[92],"What":[93],"is":[94,145,162,167],"cool":[95,146],"an":[97,129],"era":[98],"all":[100,106],"our":[101,107],"techniques":[102],"are":[103],"bonded":[104],"paradoxically":[111],"de-":[112],"recentralized":[114],"network":[115],"standards,":[117],"protocols,":[118],"routines,":[119],"metaphors,":[120],"and,":[121],"finally,":[122],"culture":[123,156],"that":[124,144,158,163],"makes":[125],"knowledge":[126,173],"work":[127],"simulate":[128],"eternal,":[130],"inescapable":[131],"friendship?":[132],"Might":[133],"there":[134],"someday":[135],"subculture":[138,166],"art":[140],"interface\u2014one":[143],"friendship":[149],"system":[150],"even":[151],"while":[152],"wired":[153],"into":[154],"system?":[159],"answer":[161],"such":[164],"already":[168],"here:":[169],"intraculture":[171],"work.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}