{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241993046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","title":"Measuring Innovation","display_name":"Measuring Innovation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4241993046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Oxford Handbook of Innovation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953145841","display_name":"The Oxford Handbook of Innovation"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113660304","display_name":"Keith Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-8159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-8159","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-5651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113660304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95997646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"148","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.3889000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.3889000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.24459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.12189999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-measurement","display_name":"innovation measurement","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-indicators","display_name":"innovation indicators","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-indicators","display_name":"science indicators","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-indicators","display_name":"technological indicators","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development","display_name":"research and development","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-inputs-and-outputs","display_name":"innovation inputs and outputs","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-comparability","display_name":"international comparability","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.8691274523735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.7564798593521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.6205257177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4141228199005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.38592734932899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3390182852745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3325986862182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3069784939289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24978217482566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10700646042823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09756395220756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.06589847803115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286805.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Oxford Handbook of Innovation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.utas.edu.au:1439","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/1439/1/Pages_from_Measuring_Innovation1_6.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/1439/1/Pages_from_Measuring_Innovation1_6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922975","display_name":"UTAS Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:38034","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/38034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Book Chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23051561","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/chapter/Measuring_Innovation/23051561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23249615","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/chapter/Measuring_innovation/23249615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.651199996471405,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82412055","https://openalex.org/W106791066","https://openalex.org/W1527956849","https://openalex.org/W1533567453","https://openalex.org/W1539795039","https://openalex.org/W1564265852","https://openalex.org/W1586700110","https://openalex.org/W1965675004","https://openalex.org/W1965721320","https://openalex.org/W1977051554","https://openalex.org/W1983358242","https://openalex.org/W1987891877","https://openalex.org/W1990360714","https://openalex.org/W1991391413","https://openalex.org/W1998261514","https://openalex.org/W2002105292","https://openalex.org/W2013161843","https://openalex.org/W2015415650","https://openalex.org/W2023518413","https://openalex.org/W2025926304","https://openalex.org/W2043939390","https://openalex.org/W2045052534","https://openalex.org/W2050726978","https://openalex.org/W2057670555","https://openalex.org/W2062868696","https://openalex.org/W2077958731","https://openalex.org/W2082264204","https://openalex.org/W2092051651","https://openalex.org/W2093203807","https://openalex.org/W2122595797","https://openalex.org/W2156251583","https://openalex.org/W2520922116","https://openalex.org/W4250860407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6922493797","https://openalex.org/W4247925745","https://openalex.org/W2116565234","https://openalex.org/W4229856965","https://openalex.org/W4243148803","https://openalex.org/W6885134609","https://openalex.org/W4415247968","https://openalex.org/W2801250307","https://openalex.org/W2338622230","https://openalex.org/W3142118705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,7,21],"sometimes":[3],"suggested":[4],"that":[5,18,60],"it":[6],"inherently":[8],"impossible":[9],"to":[10,90],"quantify":[11],"and":[12,40,55,78,83,93,100,116],"measure":[13],"innovation.":[14,122],"This":[15],"article":[16,107],"argues":[17],"while":[19],"this":[20,106],"true":[22],"for":[23],"some":[24,62,72],"aspects":[25],"of":[26,35,38,49,52,64,80,95,105,118,121],"innovation,":[27],"its":[28],"overall":[29],"characteristics":[30],"do":[31],"not":[32],"preclude":[33],"measurement":[34],"key":[36],"dimensions":[37],"processes":[39],"outputs.":[41],"An":[42],"important":[43],"development":[44],"has":[45],"been":[46],"the":[47,76,91,113],"emergence":[48],"new":[50],"indicators":[51],"innovation":[53,84],"inputs":[54],"outputs,":[56],"including":[57],"economy-wide":[58],"measures":[59,120],"have":[61],"degree":[63],"international":[65],"comparability.":[66],"The":[67,102],"article's":[68],"sections":[69,104],"firstly":[70],"discuss":[71],"broad":[73],"issues":[74],"in":[75],"construction":[77],"use":[79],"science,":[81],"technology,":[82],"indicators.":[85],"They":[86],"then":[87],"turn":[88],"(briefly)":[89],"strengths":[92],"weaknesses":[94],"current":[96],"indicators,":[97],"particularly":[98],"R#amp;D":[99],"patents.":[101],"final":[103],"cover":[108],"recent":[109],"initiatives":[110],"focusing":[111],"on":[112],"conceptualization,":[114],"collection,":[115],"analysis":[117],"direct":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}