{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241883345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","title":"The role of visual similarity in picture categorization.","display_name":"The role of visual similarity in picture categorization.","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4241883345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2949047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108506979","display_name":"Joan Gay Snodgrass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan G. Snodgrass","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brian McCullough","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian McCullough","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8713881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"147","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-similarity","display_name":"visual similarity","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/category-membership","display_name":"category membership","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.8326221704483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.623443603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42394426465034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40841546654701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3473719358444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.046867698431015015}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003210","descriptor_name":"Concept Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010812","descriptor_name":"Physical Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037//0278-7393.12.1.147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.12.1.147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.12.1.147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18666220","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition","issn_l":"0278-7393","issn":["0278-7393","1939-1285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2949047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2949047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74704794","https://openalex.org/W196215972","https://openalex.org/W599304368","https://openalex.org/W624610560","https://openalex.org/W1553991884","https://openalex.org/W1967286071","https://openalex.org/W1985318879","https://openalex.org/W1994797618","https://openalex.org/W2000221398","https://openalex.org/W2011827429","https://openalex.org/W2014917208","https://openalex.org/W2021436531","https://openalex.org/W2025668003","https://openalex.org/W2025969092","https://openalex.org/W2026973491","https://openalex.org/W2034834048","https://openalex.org/W2045830397","https://openalex.org/W2057617400","https://openalex.org/W2063316465","https://openalex.org/W2064332540","https://openalex.org/W2078410943","https://openalex.org/W2079693061","https://openalex.org/W2086210632","https://openalex.org/W2095332800","https://openalex.org/W2098181550","https://openalex.org/W2109616123","https://openalex.org/W2110347505","https://openalex.org/W2121456165","https://openalex.org/W2170924771","https://openalex.org/W2477067487","https://openalex.org/W2741004507","https://openalex.org/W3128452343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996423825","https://openalex.org/W2327544756","https://openalex.org/W4247134336","https://openalex.org/W7144263501","https://openalex.org/W2093458032","https://openalex.org/W2009557130","https://openalex.org/W2015776325","https://openalex.org/W1991766258","https://openalex.org/W4205403560","https://openalex.org/W78246802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Categorization":[0],"is":[1,171],"usually":[2],"assumed":[3,20],"to":[4,7,21,54,137,151,162],"require":[5],"access":[6],"a":[8,52,77,107,135],"concept's":[9],"meaning.":[10],"When":[11],"pictures":[12,28,37,75,111,168],"are":[13,19,33],"categorized":[14],"faster":[15,24],"than":[16,25,36],"words,":[17],"they":[18],"be":[22,149],"understood":[23],"words.":[26],"However,":[27],"from":[29,38],"the":[30,46,59,72,80,94,103,122,138,158],"same":[31],"category":[32,55],"more":[34],"similar":[35,82,117],"different":[39,118],"categories.":[40],"The":[41,62,129],"present":[42],"article":[43],"argues":[44],"that":[45],"use":[47,159],"of":[48,84,98,131,160,165,167],"visual":[49,63,132,146],"similarity":[50,64,133,147],"as":[51,134],"cue":[53,136],"membership":[56],"may":[57],"produce":[58],"picture":[60,156],"advantage.":[61],"hypothesis":[65],"was":[66],"tested":[67],"in":[68],"two":[69],"experiments.":[70],"In":[71,102],"first":[73],"experiment,":[74,105],"showed":[76,89,121],"disadvantage":[78],"for":[79,93,115,125,142],"visually":[81,95,116],"categories":[83,97],"fruits":[85,99],"and":[86,100,169],"vegetables,":[87],"but":[88,120],"their":[90],"usual":[91,123],"advantage":[92,124],"dissimilar":[96],"animals.":[101],"second":[104],"with":[106],"mixed":[108],"list":[109],"design,":[110],"were":[112],"slower":[113],"only":[114],"decisions,":[119],"all":[126],"other":[127],"decisions.":[128],"reliability":[130],"decision":[139],"accounted":[140],"well":[141],"these":[143],"results.":[144],"Because":[145],"can":[148],"shown":[150],"have":[152],"large":[153],"effects":[154],"on":[155],"categorization,":[157],"categorization":[161],"compare":[163],"speed":[164],"understanding":[166],"words":[170],"questionable.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}