{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241297731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1132582","title":"The Probation System","display_name":"The Probation System","publication_year":1915,"publication_date":"1915-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4241297731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1132582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1132582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1132582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1132582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178295","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","issn_l":"0885-4173","issn":["0885-4173","2160-0023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047980768","display_name":"Joel D. Hunter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel D. Hunter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014037211","display_name":"Cecil Leeson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecil Leeson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38674207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"943","last_page":"943"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.12950000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.026499999687075615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probation","display_name":"probation","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probation-system","display_name":"probation system","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-supervision","display_name":"offender supervision","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-corrections","display_name":"community corrections","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3761543929576874}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1132582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1132582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1132582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178295","display_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","issn_l":"0885-4173","issn":["0885-4173","2160-0023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W112876723","https://openalex.org/W624890753","https://openalex.org/W233633007","https://openalex.org/W4256554959","https://openalex.org/W1988397132","https://openalex.org/W4229821971","https://openalex.org/W575396288","https://openalex.org/W2058954821","https://openalex.org/W186425454","https://openalex.org/W141619884"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}