{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241037932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4241037932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/kan.2012.104459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","pdf_url":"https://kan.journals.ekb.eg/article_104459_6f399b7aa8a0ba071c942d143da3c2a1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173537","display_name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2090-0449","issn":["2090-0449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://kan.journals.ekb.eg/article_104459_6f399b7aa8a0ba071c942d143da3c2a1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042568962","display_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0635\u0631"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0635\u0631","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042568962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66997198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"17","first_page":"112","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13441","display_name":"Ottoman Empire History and Society","score":0.12189999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ottoman-empire","display_name":"Ottoman Empire","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arnold-toynbee","display_name":"Arnold Toynbee","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-history","display_name":"philosophy of history","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-historiography","display_name":"Western historiography","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decline-of-the-ottoman-empire","display_name":"Ottoman decline","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-history","display_name":"Islamic history","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.29998162388801575}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/kan.2012.104459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","pdf_url":"https://kan.journals.ekb.eg/article_104459_6f399b7aa8a0ba071c942d143da3c2a1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173537","display_name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2090-0449","issn":["2090-0449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/kan.2012.104459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/kan.2012.104459","pdf_url":"https://kan.journals.ekb.eg/article_104459_6f399b7aa8a0ba071c942d143da3c2a1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173537","display_name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2090-0449","issn":["2090-0449"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4241037932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4241037932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7025831456","https://openalex.org/W7020904405","https://openalex.org/W2316616085","https://openalex.org/W4319158758","https://openalex.org/W4384498631","https://openalex.org/W4392148909","https://openalex.org/W7044139390","https://openalex.org/W560844032","https://openalex.org/W2941226983","https://openalex.org/W7214812346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u0639\u062f":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[1,64,81,103],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644":[2,104],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649":[3],"\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e":[5,36,67],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631":[7],"\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062f":[8],"\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a":[9],"(1889":[10],"\u2013":[11],"1975\u0645)":[12],"\u0641\u064a":[13,18,62,72,89,96,110],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629":[14],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u064a\u0629":[16],"\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631":[17],"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627":[19],"\u0633\u0646\u0629":[20],"1955\u0645":[21],"\u0645\u0646":[22,30,68],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a":[23],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[25,87],"\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d":[26],"\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629":[27],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e":[28,70],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a":[29,40,71],"\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629":[31],"\u0646\u0638\u0631":[32],"\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c":[33],"\u0644\u0642\u062f":[34,100],"\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[35],"\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631":[37],"\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06a9\u0645":[39],"\u0625\u0644\u0627":[41],"\u0623\u0646\u0647":[42],"\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627":[43],"\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629":[44],"\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[45],"\u0623\u0648":[46],"\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c":[47],"\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[48],"\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639":[49],"\u0633\u0628\u0628":[50],"\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646":[52,59],"\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621":[53],"\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628":[55],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[56,94],"\u0639\u062f\u0645":[57],"\u0623\u062e\u0630":[58],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c":[63],"\u0648\u0644\u0645":[65],"\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644":[66],"\u062f\u0648\u0631":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645":[73],"\u0644\u06a9\u0646\u0647":[74],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644":[75],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647":[76],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a":[77,112],"\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b":[78],"\u06a9\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627":[79],"\u0648\u0642\u0635\u0631":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631":[82],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629":[85],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629":[86],"\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a":[88],"\u0641\u0644\u06a9":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[91],"\u0645\u0646\u0630":[92],"\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627":[93],"\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639":[98],"\u0639\u0634\u0631.":[99],"\u0642\u0645\u062a":[101],"\u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629":[102],"\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[105],"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[106],"\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a":[107],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[109],"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627":[111],"\u0648\u06a9\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629":[113],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627":[114],"\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627":[115],"\u0628\u0645\u0627":[116],"\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642":[117],"\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
