{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4240924748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","title":"Object-oriented programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4240924748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/291709.291711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/291709.291711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169684","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum","issn_l":"1061-7264","issn":["1061-7264","1931-1311"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/291709.291711","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024342059","display_name":"Werner Schulz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Werner W. Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024342059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"object-oriented programming","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortran-90","display_name":"Fortran 90","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c","display_name":"C++","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-abstraction","display_name":"data abstraction","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encapsulation","display_name":"encapsulation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance-object-oriented-programming","display_name":"inheritance (object-oriented programming)","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymorphism","display_name":"polymorphism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-binding","display_name":"dynamic binding","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-design","display_name":"programming language design","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.8216168880462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6473278403282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.642005205154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.5984278917312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4529971778392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.41832929849624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.41135239601135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3586680293083191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12920087575912476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/291709.291711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/291709.291711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169684","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum","issn_l":"1061-7264","issn":["1061-7264","1931-1311"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/291709.291711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/291709.291711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/291709.291711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169684","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum","issn_l":"1061-7264","issn":["1061-7264","1931-1311"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4240924748.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4240924748.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482171176","https://openalex.org/W1564310313","https://openalex.org/W3183224878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121192507","https://openalex.org/W46221665","https://openalex.org/W2043155935","https://openalex.org/W2361510391","https://openalex.org/W4242579307","https://openalex.org/W3145436925","https://openalex.org/W2076280755","https://openalex.org/W2497014570","https://openalex.org/W7023591423","https://openalex.org/W115024046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"OverviewObject-oriented":[1],"programming":[2,264],"(OOP)":[3],"has":[4,46,62,83,108,134],"become":[5,149],"a":[6,80,85,89,245,272,281,294,304,308,326,331],"powerful":[7],"method":[8],"of":[9,24,29,53,67,79,106,114,122,140,154,169,178,217,234,240,251,260,287],"software":[10],"engineering.Better":[11],"modelling":[12],"via":[13],"abstraction,":[14],"re-use":[15],"and":[16,22,36,41,48,58,71,76,126,162,167,181,221,224,232,262,284,291],"stability":[17],"benefit":[18],"the":[19,51,77,104,111,120,129,138,141,170,176,186,226,230,257,298,314],"construction,":[20],"extension":[21],"maintenance":[23],"large":[25],"programmes.The":[26],"main":[27],"techniques":[28],"OOP":[30,136,155,171,201,236,261,288],"are":[31,242],"known":[32],"as":[33,97,193],"data":[34],"abstraction":[35],"encapsulation":[37],"(information":[38],"hiding),":[39],"inheritance,":[40],"polymorphism":[42],"(including":[43],"dynamic":[44],"binding).Fortran":[45],"been":[47],"still":[49],"is":[50,159],"language":[52,247],"choice":[54],"for":[55],"many":[56],"scientists":[57],"engineers":[59],"but":[60],"C++":[61],"made":[63,84],"some":[64,124,239],"inroads":[65],"because":[66],"its":[68,74,219],"availability,":[69],"power":[70,166],"speed,":[72],"despite":[73],"complexity":[75],"lack":[78],"standard.Fortran":[81],"90":[82],"huge":[86],"step":[87],"towards":[88],"modem":[90],"Fortran,":[91,238],"adding":[92],"such":[93],"desparately":[94],"needed":[95],"features":[96,172],"memory":[98],"allocation,":[99],"user-defined":[100],"types,":[101],"modules,":[102],"etc.However,":[103],"appearance":[105],"F90":[107],"coincided":[109],"with":[110,271,302],"rapid":[112],"increase":[113],"interest":[115],"in":[116,119,237,244,276,289,330],"OOP,":[117,218],"mainly":[118],"form":[121],"C++.With":[123],"hesitation":[125],"delay":[127],"[1]":[128],"responsible":[130],"Fortran":[131,143,157,179,293],"committee":[132,300],"WG5":[133],"added":[135],"to":[137,156,200,210,280],"requirements":[139],"next":[142],"standard,":[144],"dubbed":[145],"F2000,":[146],"which":[147,241,275],"should":[148,254],"available":[150],"around":[151],"2002/3.The":[152],"addition":[153],"2000":[158],"an":[160,215],"important":[161],"complex":[163],"requirement.The":[164],"quality,":[165],"flexibility":[168],"will":[173,189,278],"certainly":[174],"determine":[175],"reception":[177],"2000,":[180],"one":[182,268],"must":[183,269,312],"hope":[184],"that":[185,316],"new":[187],"standard":[188],"not":[190],"be":[191,324],"characterized":[192],"too":[194,196],"little":[195],"late.A":[197],"short":[198],"introduction":[199],"was":[202],"given":[203],"recently":[204],"[2].In":[205],"this":[206],"article":[207],"I":[208,311,318],"want":[209],"give,":[211],"mostly":[212],"by":[213],"example,":[214],"idea":[216],"strength":[220],"certain":[222],"problems,":[223],"at":[225],"same":[227],"time":[228],"sketch":[229],"hows":[231],"whats":[233],"implementing":[235],"unknown":[243],"procedural":[246],"like":[248],"Fortran.The":[249],"design":[250,274],"every":[252],"feature":[253],"fully":[255],"support":[256],"basic":[258],"ideas":[259],"good":[263],"practices.In":[265],"my":[266],"view,":[267],"start":[270],"comprehensive":[273],"turn":[277],"lead":[279],"good,":[282],"simple":[283],"safe":[285],"implementation":[286],"F2000":[290],"give":[292],"clear":[295],"competitive":[296],"edge.Unfortunately":[297],"J3":[299],"charged":[301],"drafting":[303],"proposal":[305],"currently":[306],"favours":[307],"minimalist":[309],"version.Hence":[310],"warn":[313],"readers":[315],"while":[317],"whet":[319],"their":[320],"appetites":[321],"they":[322],"may":[323],"served":[325],"less":[327],"sumptuous":[328],"meal":[329],"few":[332],"years":[333],"time.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
