{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4240146975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500000279","title":"Roman Board Games. I","display_name":"Roman Board Games. I","publication_year":1934,"publication_date":"1934-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4240146975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500000279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0017383500000279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500000279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500000279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15194642","display_name":"Greece and Rome","issn_l":"0017-3835","issn":["0017-3835","1477-4550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Greece and Rome","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108602766","display_name":"R. G. Austin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. G. Austin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108602766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49446337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"10","first_page":"24","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14170","display_name":"Classical Studies and Philology","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14162","display_name":"Historical and Literary Studies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-games","display_name":"ancient games","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backgammon","display_name":"backgammon","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greek-games","display_name":"Greek games","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anachronism","display_name":"anachronism","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36597679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189203","display_name":"Anachronism","level":3,"score":0.7280577421188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.46366173028945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4482550323009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.41495534777641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3410872220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.33014780282974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20841294527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1923401653766632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1763879656791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10696545243263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0017383500000279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500000279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500000279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15194642","display_name":"Greece and Rome","issn_l":"0017-3835","issn":["0017-3835","1477-4550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Greece and Rome","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0017383500002941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500002941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500002941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15194642","display_name":"Greece and Rome","issn_l":"0017-3835","issn":["0017-3835","1477-4550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Greece and Rome","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031100046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/641231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6634649415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486761325","https://openalex.org/W1970712528","https://openalex.org/W7006247556","https://openalex.org/W7135582761","https://openalex.org/W3193793080","https://openalex.org/W2477562146","https://openalex.org/W7128597249","https://openalex.org/W600188770","https://openalex.org/W1991369229","https://openalex.org/W4285790671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"study":[1],"of":[2,22,27,42,49,57,74,110,115,135,152,158,190,209,259,314,321],"classical":[3],"board":[4,315],"games":[5,44,67,109,155,316],"offers":[6],"a":[7,19,119,124,171,256,260],"most":[8,97],"fertile":[9],"field":[10],"for":[11,87,147],"conjecture,":[12],"yet":[13],"at":[14,300],"the":[15,34,40,43,54,77,88,93,96,108,130,136,150,159,180,188,226,232,237,247,286],"same":[16],"time":[17],"yields":[18],"distressing":[20],"paucity":[21],"certain":[23,143,172],"fact.":[24],"Hasty":[25],"conclusions":[26],"all":[28],"kinds":[29],"have":[30,61],"been":[31],"drawn":[32],"from":[33,92,113,231,236],"sources":[35],"available,":[36],"both":[37,71],"as":[38,46,127,196,255,263],"to":[39,47,64,83,123,186,205,285],"nature":[41],"and":[45,76,82,179,194,249,270,306,317],"methods":[48],"playing":[50],"them;":[51],"encouraged":[52],"by":[53,246,291,309],"cheerful":[55],"ambiguities":[56],"our":[58],"authorities,":[59],"investigators":[60],"not":[62,104,185],"hesitated":[63],"equate":[65],"Greek":[66,213],"with":[68,72,219],"Roman,":[69,215],"or":[70,214,235],"those":[73,114,153],"Egypt":[75],"Orient":[78],"if":[79],"occasion":[80],"suited,":[81],"lay":[84],"down":[85],"rules":[86],"one":[89,111],"deduced":[90],"entirely":[91],"other.":[94],"Actually,":[95],"sober":[98],"caution":[99],"is":[100,183,202,222,243,268,275,283],"necessary.":[101],"We":[102],"are":[103,157],"justified":[105],"in":[106,132,149,170],"deriving":[107],"country":[112],"another;":[116],"but":[117],"when":[118],"game":[120],"obviously":[121],"conforms":[122],"definite":[125],"type":[126,161],"played":[128,169],"throughout":[129],"ages":[131],"various":[133],"parts":[134],"world,":[137],"then":[138],"we":[139,162,176],"may":[140,163],"justifiably":[141],"make":[142],"assumptions":[144],"concerning":[145],"it;":[146],"example,":[148],"case":[151],"Roman":[154],"which":[156],"backgammon":[160],"reasonably":[164],"infer":[165],"that":[166,175,207,225],"they":[167],"were":[168],"way.":[173],"Beyond":[174],"cannot":[177],"go,":[178],"utmost":[181],"care":[182],"needed":[184],"pervert":[187],"tradition":[189],"ancient":[191],"authors,":[192],"vague":[193],"obscure":[195],"it":[197,282],"so":[198,265],"often":[199],"is.":[200],"It":[201],"especially":[203],"important":[204],"note":[206],"none":[208],"these":[210],"games,":[211],"either":[212,230],"had":[216],"any":[217,240],"connexion":[218],"chess.":[220],"There":[221],"no":[223],"proof":[224],"latter":[227],"was":[228],"derived":[229],"\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5":[233],"\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03af":[234],"ludus":[238],"latrunculorum;":[239],"such":[241,262],"claim":[242],"quite":[244],"invalidated":[245],"anachronisms":[248],"impossibilities":[250],"involved.":[251],"Thus":[252],"\u2018chess\u2019,":[253],"even":[254],"loose":[257],"translation":[258],"term":[261],"\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1,":[264],"commonly":[266],"found,":[267],"inaccurate":[269],"misleading.":[271],"If":[272],"this":[273],"paper":[274],"less":[276],"inconclusive":[277],"than":[278],"many":[279],"previous":[280],"accounts,":[281],"due":[284],"help":[287],"freely":[288],"given":[289],"me":[290],"Mr.":[292],"H.":[293],"J.":[294],"R.":[295],"Murray,":[296],"who":[297],"has":[298],"put":[299],"my":[301],"disposal":[302],"his":[303,310,318],"own":[304],"notes":[305],"suggestions,":[307],"backed":[308],"expert":[311],"practical":[312],"understanding":[313],"unique":[319],"knowledge":[320],"their":[322],"comparative":[323],"history.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
