{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239794796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","title":"Economic Integration","display_name":"Economic Integration","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239794796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604143","display_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242476293","display_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111028437","display_name":"B\u00e9la Balassa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bela Balassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-349-95121-5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-349-95121-5","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111028437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.7397000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.7397000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14349","display_name":"Global Political and Economic Relations","score":0.13199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-integration","display_name":"economic integration","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-relations","display_name":"trade relations","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-economy","display_name":"national economy","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-unification","display_name":"economic unification","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-integration","display_name":"regional integration","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.8750853538513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.7382555603981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5973016619682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5216389298439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5057661533355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3841573894023895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3288615047931671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2798863649368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1418795883655548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11205217242240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10935801267623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_390-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604143","display_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5799999833106995}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513281941","https://openalex.org/W1965660853","https://openalex.org/W1983049601","https://openalex.org/W1991678623","https://openalex.org/W2005313751","https://openalex.org/W2006020317","https://openalex.org/W2037638683","https://openalex.org/W2075276265","https://openalex.org/W2091655150","https://openalex.org/W2605060593","https://openalex.org/W2606874764","https://openalex.org/W2796939292","https://openalex.org/W4237655977","https://openalex.org/W4255736631","https://openalex.org/W4300340284","https://openalex.org/W4301724175","https://openalex.org/W4404896528","https://openalex.org/W6635547000","https://openalex.org/W6643836893","https://openalex.org/W6664280229","https://openalex.org/W7065386731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502554795","https://openalex.org/W4240592968","https://openalex.org/W2489879273","https://openalex.org/W1525046371","https://openalex.org/W4249620841","https://openalex.org/W2502280174","https://openalex.org/W7095224521","https://openalex.org/W2492472576","https://openalex.org/W1497834965","https://openalex.org/W2462451234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,14],"everyday":[1],"parlance,":[2],"integration":[3],"is":[4,42,54,77],"defined":[5],"as":[6,44,85],"bringing":[7],"together":[8],"of":[9,35,47,61],"parts":[10],"into":[11],"a":[12,26,45],"whole.":[13],"the":[15,18,32,51,58,73,80,86],"economic":[16,48],"literature,":[17],"term":[19],"\u2018economic":[20],"integration\u2019":[21],"does":[22],"not":[23,71],"have":[24],"such":[25],"clear-cut":[27],"meaning.":[28],"At":[29],"one":[30],"extreme,":[31],"mere":[33],"existence":[34],"trade":[36],"relations":[37],"between":[38],"independent":[39],"national":[40,62],"economies":[41],"considered":[43],"form":[46],"integration;":[49],"at":[50],"other,":[52],"it":[53],"taken":[55],"to":[56],"mean":[57],"complete":[59],"unification":[60],"economies.":[63],"These":[64],"keywords":[65,81],"were":[66],"added":[67],"by":[68,72],"machine":[69],"and":[70,79],"authors.":[74],"This":[75],"process":[76],"experimental":[78],"may":[82],"be":[83],"updated":[84],"learning":[87],"algorithm":[88],"improves.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
