{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239740891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","title":"Bad Data","display_name":"Bad Data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239740891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The AI Delusion","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891267783","display_name":"The AI Delusion"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045841558","display_name":"Gary A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-8982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-8982"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045841558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46859366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"57","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.17880000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.17880000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.0917000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.09080000221729279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-errors","display_name":"computer errors","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-modeling","display_name":"economic modeling","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computing","display_name":"history of computing","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-babbage","display_name":"Charles Babbage","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-calculators","display_name":"mechanical calculators","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-system-reliability","display_name":"computer reliability","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-forecasting","display_name":"economic forecasting","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.5915700197219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188830","display_name":"Wife","level":2,"score":0.5438261032104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.5209318995475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31087","display_name":"Calculator","level":2,"score":0.493038147687912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.39283010363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3546868860721588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32230138778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2861575484275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23344191908836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1943758726119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1468537449836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11604464054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824305.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The AI Delusion","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151386227","https://openalex.org/W572012434","https://openalex.org/W616237816","https://openalex.org/W619276058","https://openalex.org/W1590203034","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1965689506","https://openalex.org/W1968720963","https://openalex.org/W1983071150","https://openalex.org/W1991202814","https://openalex.org/W1999294074","https://openalex.org/W2005814556","https://openalex.org/W2014725748","https://openalex.org/W2019323712","https://openalex.org/W2027644070","https://openalex.org/W2030580084","https://openalex.org/W2035813792","https://openalex.org/W2035932764","https://openalex.org/W2059270771","https://openalex.org/W2060050130","https://openalex.org/W2065925707","https://openalex.org/W2068181924","https://openalex.org/W2072704240","https://openalex.org/W2084522107","https://openalex.org/W2090166800","https://openalex.org/W2105389353","https://openalex.org/W2118699776","https://openalex.org/W2123793338","https://openalex.org/W2126999940","https://openalex.org/W2160121029","https://openalex.org/W2163598528","https://openalex.org/W2171468534","https://openalex.org/W2182051792","https://openalex.org/W2235266583","https://openalex.org/W2265619252","https://openalex.org/W2299251378","https://openalex.org/W2337444689","https://openalex.org/W2337816612","https://openalex.org/W2523579862","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2552893417","https://openalex.org/W2736054604","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2783941793","https://openalex.org/W2792265363","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W3105786976","https://openalex.org/W3121409256","https://openalex.org/W3121951811","https://openalex.org/W3122810052","https://openalex.org/W3123536668","https://openalex.org/W3124881446","https://openalex.org/W3192963301","https://openalex.org/W4211134865","https://openalex.org/W4232577791","https://openalex.org/W4234698323","https://openalex.org/W4244894666","https://openalex.org/W4248668153","https://openalex.org/W6727355760","https://openalex.org/W6809680140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401069327","https://openalex.org/W144529447","https://openalex.org/W3194368421","https://openalex.org/W4388377143","https://openalex.org/W3116259881","https://openalex.org/W2506329839","https://openalex.org/W2315302321","https://openalex.org/W4249457994","https://openalex.org/W1485255621","https://openalex.org/W4293089802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"When":[1],"I":[2,79],"first":[3,112,266],"started":[4],"teaching":[5],"economics":[6],"in":[7,76],"1971,":[8],"my":[9,15],"wife\u2019s":[10],"grandfather":[11],"(\u201cPopsie\u201d)":[12],"knew":[13],"that":[14,102,235,250,282],"Ph.D.":[16],"thesis":[17],"used":[18,341],"Yale\u2019s":[19],"big":[20],"computer":[21,85,93,113,253],"to":[22,140,157,181,202,228,300,344,353],"estimate":[23],"an":[24],"extremely":[25],"complicated":[26],"economic":[27],"model.":[28],"Popsie":[29],"had":[30,40,64,68,165,227,290,336],"bought":[31,70],"and":[32,53,67,214,222,245,280,304,347,349],"sold":[33],"stocks":[34],"successfully":[35],"for":[36,174,185,196,206,324],"decades.":[37],"He":[38],"even":[39],"his":[41,45,77,142],"own":[42],"desk":[43],"at":[44],"broker\u2019s":[46],"office":[47],"where":[48],"he":[49,56,236,329],"could":[50,219,237,296,306,350],"trade":[51],"gossip":[52],"stocks.":[54],"Nonetheless,":[55],"wanted":[57],"advice":[58],"from":[59,179],"a":[60,71,125,134,144,151,251,273,313,325],"21-year-old":[61],"kid":[62],"who":[63],"no":[65],"money":[66],"never":[69],"single":[72],"share":[73],"of":[74,89,97,278,310],"stock":[75],"life\u2014me\u2014because":[78],"worked":[80],"with":[81,153,316],"computers.":[82],"\u201cAsk":[83,91],"the":[84,92,111,127,138,161,172,175,183,186,194,197,204,207,225,247,256,270,317,331],"what":[86,94],"it":[87,95,305],"thinks":[88,96],"Schlumberger.\u201d":[90],"GE.\u201d":[98],"This":[99,334],"naive":[100],"belief":[101],"computers":[103],"are":[104],"infallible":[105],"has":[106],"been":[107],"around":[108],"ever":[109],"since":[110],"was":[114,150,268,283],"invented":[115],"more":[116,326,337],"than":[117,338],"100":[118],"years":[119],"ago":[120],"by":[121,231],"Charles":[122],"Babbage.":[123],"While":[124],"teenager,":[126],"great":[128],"French":[129,145],"mathematician":[130],"Blaise":[131],"Pascal":[132],"built":[133],"mechanical":[135,252],"calculator":[136,328],"called":[137,269,330],"Arithmetique":[139,149],"help":[141],"father,":[143],"tax":[146],"collector.":[147],"The":[148,217,293],"box":[152],"visible":[154],"dials":[155,226],"connected":[156],"gears":[158],"hidden":[159],"inside":[160],"box.":[162],"Each":[163],"dial":[164,173,184,195,205],"ten":[166],"digits":[167],"labeled":[168],"0":[169],"through":[170],"9.When":[171],"1s":[176],"column":[177,188,199,209],"moved":[178,189,200,210],"9":[180],"0,":[182,203],"10s":[187,198],"up":[190,211,299,352],"1":[191,212],"notch;":[192,213],"when":[193],"from9":[201],"100s":[208],"so":[215,249],"on.":[216],"Aritmatique":[218],"do":[220,255],"addition":[221],"subtraction,":[223],"but":[224],"be":[229],"turned":[230],"hand.":[232],"Babbage":[233,319],"realized":[234],"convert":[238],"complex":[239],"formulas":[240],"into":[241],"simple":[242],"addition-and-subtraction":[243],"calculations":[244,257,298],"automate":[246],"calculations,":[248],"would":[254],"perfectly":[258],"every":[259],"time,":[260],"thereby":[261],"eliminating":[262],"human":[263],"error.":[264],"Babbage\u2019s":[265],"design":[267,335],"Difference":[271,294],"Engine,":[272],"steam":[274],"powered":[275],"behemoth":[276],"made":[277],"brass":[279],"iron":[281],"8":[284],"feet":[285],"tall,":[286],"weighed":[287],"15":[288],"tons,":[289],"25,000":[291],"parts.":[292],"Engine":[295],"make":[297],"20":[301],"decimals":[302],"long":[303],"print":[307],"formatted":[308],"tables":[309],"results.":[311],"After":[312],"decade":[314],"tinkering":[315],"design,":[318],"began":[320],"working":[321],"on":[322],"plans":[323],"powerful":[327],"Analytical":[332],"Engine.":[333],"50,000":[339],"components,":[340],"perforated":[342],"cards":[343],"input":[345],"instructions":[346],"data,":[348],"store":[351],"one":[354],"thousand":[355],"50-digit":[356],"numbers.":[357]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
