{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239728476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022455","title":"REPRESENTATIVITY","display_name":"REPRESENTATIVITY","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239728476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb022455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161389873","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Management","issn_l":"0309-0558","issn":["0309-0558","1754-243X","1754-2448","1758-8014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Managerial Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112319833","display_name":"Jo Carby\u2010Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-8839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-8839"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo Carby\u2010Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112319833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59234234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"4/5/6","first_page":"4","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.24320000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14003","display_name":"Labor Law and Work Dynamics","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-unions","display_name":"trade unions","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-personality","display_name":"legal personality","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-bodies","display_name":"corporate bodies","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining-agreement","display_name":"collective agreements","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-law","display_name":"labor law","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.7402596473693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020690005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178790","display_name":"Trade union","level":2,"score":0.600008487701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.502021312713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.46048152446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44035762548446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.42464661598205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3447036147117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2743825316429138}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb022455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161389873","display_name":"International Journal of Law and Management","issn_l":"0309-0558","issn":["0309-0558","1754-243X","1754-2448","1758-8014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Managerial Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.41999998688697815}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616707836","https://openalex.org/W1490442273","https://openalex.org/W2004367254","https://openalex.org/W2322059835","https://openalex.org/W4244639446","https://openalex.org/W4300911017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237006062","https://openalex.org/W4239785380","https://openalex.org/W3044827644","https://openalex.org/W7135557468","https://openalex.org/W7135905764","https://openalex.org/W2884495916","https://openalex.org/W7010526315","https://openalex.org/W3034892069","https://openalex.org/W2904772749","https://openalex.org/W7024146187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whatever":[0],"debates":[1],"may":[2],"have":[3],"taken":[4],"place":[5],"in":[6,9],"the":[7,10,15,65],"past":[8],"courts":[11],"and":[12,35],"elsewhere":[13],"on":[14],"status":[16],"of":[17,59],"trade":[18,26,52],"unions,":[19],"current":[20],"legislation":[21],"provides":[22],"that":[23],"a":[24,31,44,51,68],"\u201c\u2026":[25,57],"union":[27,53],"\u2026":[28],"is":[29],"not":[30,37],"body":[32,45],"corporate":[33],"\u2026\u201d":[34,62],"\u201c\u2026shall":[36],"be":[38],"treated":[39],"as":[40],"if":[41],"it":[42],"were":[43],"corporate\u2026\u201d":[46],"For":[47],"practical":[48],"reasons":[49],"however,":[50],"is,":[54],"inter":[55],"alia,":[56],"capable":[58],"making":[60],"contracts":[61],"which":[63],"includes":[64],"entering":[66],"into":[67],"collective":[69],"agreement.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-11T09:22:31.653822","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
