{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239726733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-24","title":"BLACK CHURCH ARSON IN THE UNITED STATES, 1989\u20131996","display_name":"BLACK CHURCH ARSON IN THE UNITED STATES, 1989\u20131996","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239726733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-24"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203446188-24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hate and Bias Crime","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244159145","display_name":"Hate and Bias Crime"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050313632","display_name":"Gregory M. Herek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory M. Herek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078734733","display_name":"Jeanine C. Cogan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeanine C. Cogan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055613939","display_name":"Joseph Roy Gillis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-4221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-4221"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Roy Gillis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49452058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"193","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.5073000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.5073000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.11649999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.037700001150369644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-crimes","display_name":"hate crimes","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arson","display_name":"arson","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-churches","display_name":"African American churches","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-orientation","display_name":"sexual orientation","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-underreporting","display_name":"underreporting of crime","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bisexual-people","display_name":"bisexuals","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327541","display_name":"Arson","level":2,"score":0.9433894157409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4363337457180023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.38320255279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32155048847198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2690492570400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20615828037261963}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203446188-24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-24","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203446188-24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hate and Bias Crime","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132036659","https://openalex.org/W7098931090","https://openalex.org/W2914949783","https://openalex.org/W2007820842","https://openalex.org/W2086676909","https://openalex.org/W7000722088","https://openalex.org/W2074799485","https://openalex.org/W3135640083","https://openalex.org/W4312060075","https://openalex.org/W2003997025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CRIMES":[0],"THAT":[1],"TARGET":[2],"INDIVIDUALS":[3],"because":[4],"of":[5,75],"their":[6],"sexual":[7],"orientation\u2014commonly":[8],"referred":[9],"to":[10,19,64,67],"as":[11],"hate":[12,43,56],"crimes":[13,57,63],"or":[14],"bias":[15],"crimes\u2014are":[16],"now":[17],"understood":[18],"be":[20,65],"a":[21],"serious":[22],"social":[23],"problem":[24],"(":[25],"Jenness":[26],"&":[27,85,92,97],"Broad,":[28],"1997":[29,94],").":[30,100],"This":[31],"recognition":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"facilitated,":[35],"in":[36],"part,":[37],"by":[38],"empirical":[39],"research":[40],"showing":[41],"that":[42,55],"crime":[44],"victimization":[45],"is":[46],"widespread":[47],"among":[48],"lesbians,":[49],"gay":[50],"men,":[51],"and":[52,54],"bisexuals":[53],"are":[58],"less":[59],"likely":[60],"than":[61],"other":[62],"reported":[66],"police":[68],"authorities":[69],"(e.g.,":[70],"Berrill,":[71],"1992a;":[72],"Federal":[73],"Bureau":[74],"Investigation,":[76],"1999":[77,87],";":[78,88,95],"Herek,":[79,83,89],"1989":[80],",":[81],"1993;":[82],"Gillis,":[84,90],"Cogan,":[86,91],"Glunt,":[93],"Pilkington":[96],"D\u2019Augelli,":[98],"1995":[99]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}