{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239095307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983187","title":"Performance evaluation of a holographic optical neural network system","display_name":"Performance evaluation of a holographic optical neural network system","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239095307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.983187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407106245","display_name":"Photonics for Computers, Neural Networks, and Memories","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photonics for Computers, Neural Networks, and Memories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110447865","display_name":"Hung Chou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135612","display_name":"Physical Optics Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/037pmhh38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Optics Corp. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046473937","display_name":"Andrew A. Kostrzewski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135612","display_name":"Physical Optics Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/037pmhh38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew A. Kostrzewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Optics Corp. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100871365","display_name":"Shudong Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135612","display_name":"Physical Optics Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/037pmhh38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shudong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Optics Corp. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111908367","display_name":"Freddie S. Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135612","display_name":"Physical Optics Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/037pmhh38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Freddie S. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Optics Corp. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101473284","display_name":"Thomas T. Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6507-5954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6507-5954"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas T. Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Research (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Research (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43725992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"46","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"dynamic range","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-speed","display_name":"processing speed","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.8228046894073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7159038782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6951729655265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.6911565065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.6258910894393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106515295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26806595","display_name":"Parallel processing","level":2,"score":0.5088189244270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4594669044017792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148204187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176541","display_name":"Optical computing","level":2,"score":0.43515199422836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3897942304611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2710811495780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.23727861046791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.17960995435714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15602436661720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15041351318359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13989078998565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12994429469108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10333338379859924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.983187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.983187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407106245","display_name":"Photonics for Computers, Neural Networks, and Memories","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photonics for Computers, Neural Networks, and Memories","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985952319","https://openalex.org/W1988313457","https://openalex.org/W2166095338","https://openalex.org/W2093852242","https://openalex.org/W1426374950","https://openalex.org/W4310270980","https://openalex.org/W4231896177","https://openalex.org/W1981490199","https://openalex.org/W1969544592","https://openalex.org/W2028891317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,6,38,47,68,73,91,97,99,101],"the":[2,33,48,74],"most":[3],"outstanding":[4],"properties":[5],"artificial":[7],"neural":[8,22,27,79],"networks":[9],"is":[10,44,89],"their":[11],"capability":[12],"for":[13,70],"massive":[14,94],"interconnection":[15,96],"and":[16,25,135],"parallel":[17,39,50,71,95],"processing.":[18],"Recently,":[19],"specialized":[20],"electronic":[21,56],"network":[23,80],"processors":[24],"VLSI":[26],"chips":[28],"have":[29,121],"been":[30,114,122],"introduced":[31],"to":[32],"commercial":[34],"market.":[35],"The":[36,76],"number":[37,52,67],"channels":[40],"they":[41],"can":[42],"handle":[43],"limited":[45,49],"because":[46],"interconnections":[51],"with":[53,105,124],"one-dimensional":[54],"(1-D)":[55],"wires.":[57],"High":[58],"resolution":[59,85],"pattern":[60,118],"recognition":[61,119],"problems":[62],"may":[63],"require":[64],"a":[65,110],"large":[66],"neurons":[69],"processing":[72,136],"image.":[75],"holographic":[77,87],"optical":[78],"(HONN)":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"high":[84],"volume":[86],"materials":[88],"capable":[90],"providing":[92],"3-D":[93],"tens":[98],"thousand":[100],"neurons.":[102],"A":[103],"HONN":[104],"3600":[106],"neurons,":[107],"contained":[108],"in":[109],"portable":[111],"briefcase,":[112],"has":[113],"developed.":[115],"Rotation-shift-scale":[116],"invariant":[117],"operations":[120],"demonstrated":[123],"this":[125],"system.":[126],"System":[127],"parameters,":[128],"such":[129],"as":[130],"signal-to-noise":[131],"ratio,":[132],"dynamic":[133],"range,":[134],"speed,":[137],"will":[138],"be":[139],"discussed.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}