{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239012982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","title":"Objectivity","display_name":"Objectivity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239012982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166840152","display_name":"Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy"},"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075690118","display_name":"Fred D\u2019Agostino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-5723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-5723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fred D'Agostino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Humanities, University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Humanities, University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075690118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.7289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.7289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.13439999520778656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Logic and Philosophy of Science","score":0.06689999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectivity","display_name":"objectivity","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-objectivity","display_name":"epistemic objectivity","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correspondence-theory-of-truth","display_name":"correspondence theory of truth","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-objectivity","display_name":"scientific objectivity","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientism","display_name":"scientism","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-studies-of-science","display_name":"social studies of science","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-programme","display_name":"strong program","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-truth","display_name":"post-truth","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorraine-daston","display_name":"Lorraine Daston","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peter-galison","display_name":"Peter Galison","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-rawls","display_name":"John Rawls","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immanuel-kant","display_name":"Immanuel Kant","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetic-understanding","display_name":"aesthetic understanding","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professions","display_name":"professions","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2482559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206330","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.8938146829605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7558781504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.6004865169525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.43197375535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4043347239494324}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy","raw_type":"reference-entry"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36069555","https://openalex.org/W154158033","https://openalex.org/W596443701","https://openalex.org/W598240946","https://openalex.org/W647537635","https://openalex.org/W837307139","https://openalex.org/W1594094994","https://openalex.org/W1597617012","https://openalex.org/W1869263038","https://openalex.org/W1897139626","https://openalex.org/W1944670224","https://openalex.org/W1963603753","https://openalex.org/W1966551021","https://openalex.org/W1979052207","https://openalex.org/W1980009218","https://openalex.org/W1988518803","https://openalex.org/W1989844882","https://openalex.org/W2005353669","https://openalex.org/W2006798587","https://openalex.org/W2008745885","https://openalex.org/W2021695404","https://openalex.org/W2038328877","https://openalex.org/W2048060485","https://openalex.org/W2049727060","https://openalex.org/W2050453510","https://openalex.org/W2053074303","https://openalex.org/W2060024489","https://openalex.org/W2063232423","https://openalex.org/W2064138119","https://openalex.org/W2064392748","https://openalex.org/W2067486569","https://openalex.org/W2074221302","https://openalex.org/W2077762807","https://openalex.org/W2085343782","https://openalex.org/W2094185263","https://openalex.org/W2102654068","https://openalex.org/W2154826683","https://openalex.org/W2154917256","https://openalex.org/W2156539182","https://openalex.org/W2159794963","https://openalex.org/W2174305652","https://openalex.org/W2230716612","https://openalex.org/W2267510459","https://openalex.org/W2278744724","https://openalex.org/W2315602926","https://openalex.org/W2318811435","https://openalex.org/W2344554990","https://openalex.org/W2476742276","https://openalex.org/W2493973050","https://openalex.org/W2495292944","https://openalex.org/W2498351174","https://openalex.org/W2549633770","https://openalex.org/W2563236833","https://openalex.org/W2600469869","https://openalex.org/W2621008318","https://openalex.org/W2795644399","https://openalex.org/W2796528567","https://openalex.org/W2802275983","https://openalex.org/W2809851787","https://openalex.org/W2883204606","https://openalex.org/W2909730792","https://openalex.org/W2998078715","https://openalex.org/W3146083582","https://openalex.org/W3167388701","https://openalex.org/W3172521548","https://openalex.org/W3173752331","https://openalex.org/W4206987487","https://openalex.org/W4212947750","https://openalex.org/W4232974667","https://openalex.org/W4234114477","https://openalex.org/W4234493575","https://openalex.org/W4237827030","https://openalex.org/W4240827200","https://openalex.org/W4244716969","https://openalex.org/W4245654539","https://openalex.org/W4246481433","https://openalex.org/W4249691149","https://openalex.org/W4255892257","https://openalex.org/W4300448215","https://openalex.org/W4300559119","https://openalex.org/W4309905285","https://openalex.org/W4319588667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W245003261","https://openalex.org/W3091072716","https://openalex.org/W6941123216","https://openalex.org/W2590807602","https://openalex.org/W4361016520","https://openalex.org/W2168499793","https://openalex.org/W2499559420","https://openalex.org/W7134976301","https://openalex.org/W7215731982","https://openalex.org/W2304732401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectivity":[0],"has":[1,5,364],"two":[2],"aspects.":[3],"It":[4,285],"been":[6],"achieved,":[7],"in":[8,59,125,129,142,169,216,229,293,315,375,414,421],"the":[9,21,23,32,37,48,69,117,145,154,159,165,173,176,179,192,195,201,207,238,267,270,298,335,360,376,379,396,401],"metaphysical":[10],"sense,":[11,34],"when":[12],"there":[13,104],"is":[14,25,134,304,404],"a":[15,18,79,242,311,354],"correspondence":[16,89,111],"between":[17],"statement":[19],"and":[20,132,149,172,209,232,273,334,356,394,429],"way":[22],"world":[24],"independent":[26,92],"of":[27,39,42,63,88,119,147,150,158,167,181,190,198,212,223,240,269,276,302,327,344,353,362,378,400],"human":[28],"conceptual":[29],"activities.":[30],"In":[31,94],"methodological":[33],"it":[35,133,332],"characterizes":[36],"products":[38],"those":[40],"processes":[41],"inquiry":[43],"that":[44,68,75,164,244,258],"are":[45,418],"disciplined":[46],"by":[47,187,321],"demand":[49],"to":[50,144,178,251,254,262,410,427],"exclude":[51],"or":[52,56,220,411],"neutralize":[53],"all":[54,100],"prejudice":[55],"bias.":[57],"Already":[58],"Immanuel":[60],"Kant\u2019s":[61],"Critique":[62],"Pure":[64],"Reason,":[65],"we":[66,76,259],"see":[67],"convergence":[70,97],"from":[71,78,200,337],"multiple":[72,317],"unbiased":[73],"perspectives":[74],"expect":[77],"methodologically":[80],"objective":[81,416],"process":[82],"might":[83,112],"be":[84,99,113,252,291],"taken":[85],"as":[86,214,310,313,319,408],"evidence":[87],"with":[90,109],"underlying":[91],"realities.":[93],"some":[95],"domains,":[96],"may":[98],"that\u2019s":[101],"on":[102],"offer,":[103],"being":[105],"no":[106],"mind-independent":[107],"reality":[108],"which":[110,191,236,415],"sought.":[114],"This":[115,184],"was":[116,163,175,185,194,206],"view":[118],"John":[120],"Rawls,":[121],"as,":[122],"for":[123,139,264],"example,":[124],"his":[126],"\u201cKantian":[127],"Constructivism":[128],"Moral":[130],"Theory,\u201d":[131],"also":[135],"an":[136,256,366],"issue,":[137],"though":[138],"different":[140],"reasons,":[141],"relation":[143],"objectivity":[146,168,199,241,303,363],"mathematics":[148],"aesthetic":[151],"understanding.":[152],"Among":[153,297],"many":[155],"unquestioned":[156],"certainties":[157],"postwar":[160],"scientistic":[161],"settlement":[162],"pursuit":[166],"science,":[170],"ethics,":[171],"professions":[174],"key":[177],"success":[180],"these":[182],"enterprises.":[183],"disturbed":[186],"scholarly":[188],"developments,":[189],"profoundest":[193],"feminist":[196],"critique":[197],"mid-1970s.":[202],"Another":[203],"important":[204,367],"development":[205],"sociological":[208],"historiographical":[210],"interrogation":[211],"objectivity,":[213],"manifested":[215],"\u201cthe":[217],"strong":[218],"programme\u201d":[219],"\u201csocial":[221],"studies":[222],"science,\u201d":[224],"but":[225],"most":[226],"strikingly":[227],"exemplified":[228],"Lorraine":[230],"Daston":[231,330],"Peter":[233],"Galison\u2019s":[234],"Objectivity,":[235],"gave":[237],"idea":[239,257,361],"history":[243],"showed":[245],"how":[246],"much":[247,391],"intellectual":[248],"work":[249],"had":[250],"done":[253],"develop":[255],"later":[260],"came":[261],"take":[263],"granted.":[265],"However,":[266],"fact":[268],"historical":[271],"contingency":[272],"social":[274],"entanglement":[275],"\u201cobjectivity\u201d":[277],"shows":[278],"nothing":[279],"about":[280],"its":[281,288,305,316,370],"usefulness,":[282],"indeed":[283],"effectiveness.":[284],"may,":[286],"despite":[287],"historicity,":[289],"still":[290],"effective":[292],"disciplining":[294],"our":[295],"inquiries.":[296],"more":[299],"interesting":[300],"aspects":[301],"perhaps":[306],"essentially":[307],"contestable":[308],"character":[309],"concept,":[312],"shown":[314],"manifestations,":[318],"identified":[320],"Heather":[322],"Douglas,":[323],"\u201cThe":[324],"Irreducible":[325],"Complexity":[326],"Objectivity.\u201d":[328],"As":[329],"put":[331],"(\u201cObjectivity":[333],"Escape":[336],"Perspective,\u201d":[338],"p.":[339],"598),":[340],"\u201cits":[341],"thick":[342],"layering":[343],"oddly":[345],"matched":[346],"meanings":[347],".":[348,349,350],"betrays":[351],"signs":[352],"complicated":[355],"contingent":[357],"history.\u201d":[358],"While":[359],"played":[365],"philosophical":[368],"role,":[369],"general":[371],"cultural":[372],"significance":[373],"spiked":[374],"aftermath":[377],"2016":[380,403],"US":[381],"presidential":[382],"election.":[383],"Oxford":[384,397],"University":[385],"Press":[386],"noted":[387],"this":[388],"phenomenon.":[389],"\u201cAfter":[390],"discussion,":[392],"debate,":[393],"research,":[395],"Dictionaries":[398],"Word":[399],"Year":[402],"post-truth\u2014an":[405],"adjective":[406],"defined":[407],"\u2018relating":[409],"denoting":[412],"circumstances":[413],"facts":[417],"less":[419],"influential":[420],"shaping":[422],"public":[423],"opinion":[424],"than":[425],"appeals":[426],"emotion":[428],"personal":[430],"belief.\u2019\u201d":[431]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
