{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889044293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","title":"Towards mobile learning deployment in higher learning institutions: a report on the qualitative inquiries conducted in four universities in Tanzania","display_name":"Towards mobile learning deployment in higher learning institutions: a report on the qualitative inquiries conducted in four universities in Tanzania","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889044293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","mag":"2889044293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/2031356x-03101007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188032","display_name":"AVRUG-bulletin/Afrika Focus","issn_l":"0772-0793","issn":["0772-0793","0772-084X","2031-356X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Afrika Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009916802","display_name":"Mohamed A. Ghasia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Ghasia","raw_affiliation_strings":["(1) Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Belgium",") Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Belgium ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(1) Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Belgium (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103062127","display_name":"Egbert de Smet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-212X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-212X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Egbert De Smet","raw_affiliation_strings":["(2) Department University and Society, University of Antwerp, Belgium",") Department University and Society, University of Antwerp, Belgium ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(2) Department University and Society, University of Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department University and Society, University of Antwerp, Belgium (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009873302","display_name":"Haruni Machumu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5743-8906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5743-8906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruni Machumu","raw_affiliation_strings":["(3) Department of Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium",") Department of Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(3) Department of Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") Department of Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047423988","display_name":"Albogast K. Musabila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-4620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-4620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15846685","display_name":"Mzumbe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qrvdj69","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15846685"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albogast Musabila","raw_affiliation_strings":["(4) Information Technology, Mzumbe University, Tanzania",") Information Technology, Mzumbe University, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(4) Information Technology, Mzumbe University, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15846685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") Information Technology, Mzumbe University, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15846685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88349388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12799","display_name":"Mobile and Web Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-learning","display_name":"mobile learning","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-institutions","display_name":"higher education institutions","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-perspectives","display_name":"stakeholder perspectives","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-coverage","display_name":"network coverage","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ict-policy","display_name":"ICT policy","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-literacy","display_name":"digital literacy","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectivism","display_name":"connectivism","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-theory-of-technology","display_name":"critical theory of technology","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.9426619410514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7242223620414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.6002652645111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3863396644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.35229623317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28295522928237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24731644988059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23674744367599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1421845555305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.11096721887588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1163/2031356x-03101007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188032","display_name":"AVRUG-bulletin/Afrika Focus","issn_l":"0772-0793","issn":["0772-0793","0772-084X","2031-356X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Afrika Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21825/af.v31i1.9042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21825/af.v31i1.9042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21825/af.v31i1.9042","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ugent.be/AF/article/download/9042/8733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188032","display_name":"AVRUG-bulletin/Afrika Focus","issn_l":"0772-0793","issn":["0772-0793","0772-084X","2031-356X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Afrika Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8622253","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8622253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AFRIKA FOCUS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad6a329f67524b98b5a9f7175dd5e274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad6a329f67524b98b5a9f7175dd5e274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Afrika Focus, Vol 31, Iss 1 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff3d3709c4ee4bf0bcdaaecf9b85da42","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff3d3709c4ee4bf0bcdaaecf9b85da42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Afrika Focus, Vol 31, Iss 1 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/2031356x-03101007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188032","display_name":"AVRUG-bulletin/Afrika Focus","issn_l":"0772-0793","issn":["0772-0793","0772-084X","2031-356X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Afrika Focus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889044293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889044293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131142675","https://openalex.org/W205997472","https://openalex.org/W1276866904","https://openalex.org/W1524666010","https://openalex.org/W1536138478","https://openalex.org/W1607675442","https://openalex.org/W1778035444","https://openalex.org/W1779021004","https://openalex.org/W1980434723","https://openalex.org/W2000327281","https://openalex.org/W2045317237","https://openalex.org/W2056738644","https://openalex.org/W2120820700","https://openalex.org/W2128248053","https://openalex.org/W2134110527","https://openalex.org/W2153588125","https://openalex.org/W2166893095","https://openalex.org/W2182940853","https://openalex.org/W2288212200","https://openalex.org/W2316700093","https://openalex.org/W2515509413","https://openalex.org/W2696385730","https://openalex.org/W2978796458","https://openalex.org/W2994077632","https://openalex.org/W3123938066","https://openalex.org/W3158651809","https://openalex.org/W4231294931","https://openalex.org/W4244045272","https://openalex.org/W4251915282","https://openalex.org/W4254394901","https://openalex.org/W4388318303","https://openalex.org/W6645268848","https://openalex.org/W6719496408","https://openalex.org/W6757590155","https://openalex.org/W7002204964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011412392","https://openalex.org/W2182940853","https://openalex.org/W4390542161","https://openalex.org/W2610269006","https://openalex.org/W4309085712","https://openalex.org/W2162998540","https://openalex.org/W7024767714","https://openalex.org/W2565836500","https://openalex.org/W7014607754","https://openalex.org/W1985658535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,51,60,117,146,160,163,218,234,239,270,285,303,306,313],"past":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"mobile":[5,212,321],"learning":[6,164,251,281],"(m-learning)":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9,32],"a":[10,69,87],"purposeful":[11],"area":[12],"of":[13,40,53,89,162,188,206,211,236,241,275,284,305,343],"research":[14,92],"among":[15],"educational":[16],"technologists,":[17],"educators":[18],"and":[19,24,29,59,94,102,110,127,155,179,214,221,254,299,315,329,332],"instructional":[20],"designers":[21],"whereby":[22],"doubts":[23],"controversies":[25],"over":[26],"its":[27],"relevancy":[28],"applicability":[30],"have":[31,269],"keenly":[33],"addressed.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"explores":[37],"stakeholders\u2019":[38],"perceptions":[39],"m-learning":[41,54,65,151,189,237,246,265,298],"deployment":[42,152,187],"in":[43,57,75,79,129,145,190,192,217,238],"Higher":[44],"Learning":[45],"Institutions":[46],"(HLIs).":[47],"Specifically,":[48],"we":[49],"examine":[50],"potential":[52,235,271],"for":[55,116,209],"HLIs":[56,78,191,240,295],"Tanzania":[58,80],"challenges":[61,183],"that":[62,135,150,170,184,229,245,294,312],"hinder":[63,185],"successful":[64,186],"deployment.":[66],"We":[67,292,309],"adopt":[68],"comparative":[70],"qualitative":[71,95],"case":[72],"study":[73,85],"design":[74,90],"which":[76],"four":[77],"were":[81,114,124],"purposefully":[82],"selected.":[83],"The":[84,104,122,132,166],"uses":[86],"combination":[88],"science":[91],"approach":[93],"methods":[96],"including":[97],"grounded":[98],"theory,":[99],"document":[100],"reviews,":[101],"observation.":[103],"respondents":[105],"included":[106],"university":[107],"lecturers,":[108],"students":[109],"ICT":[111,338],"experts,":[112],"who":[113],"selected":[115],"interviews":[118],"through":[119],"theoretical":[120],"sampling.":[121],"transcripts":[123],"loaded,":[125],"coded":[126],"analyzed":[128],"NVIVO":[130],"software.":[131],"results":[133,167,227],"indicate":[134,169],"mobiles":[136],"(smartphone,":[137],"tablets,":[138],"laptops,":[139],"feature-phones":[140],"etc.)":[141],"are":[142,172,231],"widely":[143],"used":[144],"HLIs.":[147],"Stakeholders":[148],"perceive":[149],"is":[153,266],"important":[154],"useful":[156],"because":[157],"it":[158],"improves":[159],"quality":[161],"experience.":[165],"further":[168],"there":[171],"financial,":[173],"pedagogical,":[174],"technological,":[175],"infrastructural,":[176],"individuals":[177],"\u2013":[178,181],"policy":[180,318],"related":[182,307],"Tanzania,":[193],"such":[194],"as":[195,287,289],"limited":[196],"network":[197,324],"coverage,":[198,325],"some":[199],"students\u00b4":[200],"inability":[201],"to":[202,250,268,272,280,302],"afford":[203],"mobiles,":[204],"lack":[205],"qualified":[207],"staff":[208],"preparation":[210],"content":[213],"administration,":[215],"gaps":[216],"existing":[219],"policies,":[220],"faulty":[222],"course":[223],"design.":[224],"However,":[225],"our":[226],"show":[228],"participants":[230],"optimistic":[232],"about":[233],"Tanzania.":[242],"They":[243],"expect":[244],"will":[247],"improve":[248,333],"access":[249,279],"resources,":[252],"teacher-student":[253],"student-student":[255],"interaction":[256],"without":[257],"being":[258],"restricted":[259],"by":[260,336],"time":[261],"or":[262],"place.":[263],"Thus,":[264],"considered":[267],"address":[273],"issues":[274],"crowded":[276],"classrooms,":[277],"expertise,":[278],"materials,":[282],"flexibility":[283],"learners":[286],"well":[288],"remote":[290],"connectivity.":[291],"recommend":[293,311],"should":[296],"prioritize":[297],"commit":[300],"resources":[301],"success":[304],"projects.":[308],"also":[310],"governments":[314],"stakeholders":[316],"provide":[317],"interventions,":[319],"subsidize":[320],"technologies,":[322],"expand":[323],"build":[326],"capacity":[327],"within":[328],"outside":[330],"HLIs,":[331],"digital":[334],"literacy":[335],"integrating":[337],"education":[339],"at":[340],"all":[341],"levels":[342],"education.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-09-07T00:00:00"}