{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4238313893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","title":"The effects of kindergarten and first grade schooling on children\u2019s executive function and academic skill development: Evidence from a school cutoff design","display_name":"The effects of kindergarten and first grade schooling on children\u2019s executive function and academic skill development: Evidence from a school cutoff design","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4238313893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/b753d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053105674","display_name":"Matthew H. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-3596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-3596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew H. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky Department of Psychology Kastle Hall Lexington, KY 40506 United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky Department of Psychology Kastle Hall Lexington, KY 40506 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056546319","display_name":"Sammy F. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258921","display_name":"Institute for Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9hd73","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammy F. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan Institute for Social Research 426 Thompson Street Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan Institute for Social Research 426 Thompson Street Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039433821","display_name":"Frederick J. Morrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-3482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-3482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick J. Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan Department of Psychology 530 Church Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043 United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan Department of Psychology 530 Church Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043 United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053105674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kindergarten","display_name":"kindergarten","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-grade","display_name":"first grade","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-readiness","display_name":"school readiness","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-development","display_name":"reading development","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-education","display_name":"early childhood education","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983075501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131539","display_name":"Early literacy","level":3,"score":0.6187064051628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.6144620180130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993683129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162633","display_name":"Academic skills","level":2,"score":0.6127318143844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6048336625099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5923589468002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777082460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3377398","display_name":"Early childhood","level":2,"score":0.48528262972831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.4770621359348297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192806908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6495487","display_name":"Latent growth modeling","level":2,"score":0.4728434681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.46102175116539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.45890042185783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35580331087112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.1873970329761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1314065158367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07611429691314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/b753d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:85fe09cb-af21-4a36-bdf0-bc5248a09bfb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/b753d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0227-6C4-214","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/B753D","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/b753d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b753d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1188051495","https://openalex.org/W1481548981","https://openalex.org/W1501785222","https://openalex.org/W1554672732","https://openalex.org/W1685858428","https://openalex.org/W1975352872","https://openalex.org/W1982266999","https://openalex.org/W1986557416","https://openalex.org/W1989356938","https://openalex.org/W1991523082","https://openalex.org/W2035599443","https://openalex.org/W2037366304","https://openalex.org/W2042206942","https://openalex.org/W2048611673","https://openalex.org/W2054654437","https://openalex.org/W2057942812","https://openalex.org/W2062718236","https://openalex.org/W2063800487","https://openalex.org/W2101557912","https://openalex.org/W2121410521","https://openalex.org/W2124517301","https://openalex.org/W2136739068","https://openalex.org/W2153971097","https://openalex.org/W2164616236","https://openalex.org/W2166150016","https://openalex.org/W2166753554","https://openalex.org/W2176739891","https://openalex.org/W2183192391","https://openalex.org/W2399072257","https://openalex.org/W2476804520","https://openalex.org/W2529357493","https://openalex.org/W2889010917","https://openalex.org/W2891513288","https://openalex.org/W2968666338","https://openalex.org/W2971276239","https://openalex.org/W2974682550","https://openalex.org/W3121137590","https://openalex.org/W4235790051","https://openalex.org/W4250598320","https://openalex.org/W4292844404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119550261","https://openalex.org/W2991129311","https://openalex.org/W2049551875","https://openalex.org/W2321633377","https://openalex.org/W2603463200","https://openalex.org/W7162185461","https://openalex.org/W2023873800","https://openalex.org/W1990108827","https://openalex.org/W2082524620","https://openalex.org/W2063800487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"executive":[1],"function":[2],"(EF)":[3],"skills":[4,15,45,122],"reliably":[5],"predict":[6],"school":[7,62,80,129,169],"readiness":[8],"and":[9,43,87,95,120,125,145,148,170,191],"future":[10],"academic":[11,44,190],"success.":[12],"While":[13],"children\u2019s":[14,171],"undergo":[16],"rapid":[17],"development":[18,40,111],"during":[19,46],"the":[20,28,38,47,53,61,76,150,164],"transition":[21],"to":[22,30,67,157,174,185,195],"formal":[23,176],"schooling,":[24],"it":[25],"remains":[26],"unclear":[27],"extent":[29],"which":[31],"schooling":[32,177,180],"exerts":[33],"a":[34,56,106,175],"unique":[35,133],"influence":[36],"on":[37,84,117,141],"accelerated":[39],"of":[41,50,109,135,152,167],"EF":[42,144],"early":[48],"years":[49],"schooling.":[51],"In":[52],"present":[54],"study,":[55],"quasi-experimental":[57],"technique":[58],"known":[59],"as":[60],"cutoff":[63,78],"design":[64],"was":[65,155],"used":[66],"examine":[68],"whether":[69],"same-aged":[70],"children":[71,98],"who":[72],"made":[73],"versus":[74],"missed":[75],"age":[77],"for":[79],"entry":[81],"significantly":[82],"differed":[83],"EF,":[85,118],"reading,":[86,119],"math":[88,121],"outcomes.":[89],"Data":[90],"from":[91,105],"166":[92],"pre-k,":[93],"kindergarten,":[94,136],"first":[96,139,165,172],"grade":[97],"(M":[99],"=":[100],"5.74":[101],"years,":[102],"92":[103],"girls)":[104],"longitudinal":[107],"study":[108],"literacy":[110],"were":[112,115],"analyzed.":[113],"Children":[114],"assessed":[116],"in":[123,143,159,189],"fall":[124],"spring":[126],"over":[127,147],"multiple":[128],"years.":[130],"Results":[131],"revealed":[132],"effects":[134],"but":[137],"not":[138],"grade,":[140],"growth":[142,158],"reading":[146],"above":[149],"effect":[151],"age.":[153],"Schooling":[154],"unrelated":[156],"math.":[160],"Because":[161],"kindergarten":[162,179],"represents":[163],"year":[166],"elementary":[168],"exposure":[173],"environment,":[178],"may":[181],"be":[182],"uniquely":[183],"positioned":[184],"produce":[186],"greater":[187],"gains":[188],"behavioral":[192],"outcomes":[193],"compared":[194],"other":[196],"grades.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}