{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237964499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","title":"Homer","display_name":"Homer","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237964499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521210423.003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge History of Classical Literature","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2483885085","display_name":"The Cambridge History of Classical Literature"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110452465","display_name":"G. S. Kirk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. S. Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110452465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52253629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"42","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14170","display_name":"Classical Studies and Philology","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homer","display_name":"Homer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iliad","display_name":"Iliad","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odyssey","display_name":"Odyssey","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-tradition","display_name":"oral tradition","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epic-poetry","display_name":"epic poetry","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greek-tragedy","display_name":"Greek tragedy","score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textual-transmission","display_name":"textual transmission","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"memorization","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hellenistic-education","display_name":"Hellenistic education","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papyrus-books","display_name":"papyrus books","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reception-of-homer","display_name":"reception of Homer","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.5531026721000671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5407829284667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.5287781953811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4547005891799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125576","display_name":"Papyrus","level":2,"score":0.4505789279937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.42126837372779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832608","display_name":"Tragedy (event)","level":2,"score":0.4176543951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3810940682888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.3309575915336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521210423.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge History of Classical Literature","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":199,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18247715","https://openalex.org/W23706570","https://openalex.org/W567517048","https://openalex.org/W569972129","https://openalex.org/W570626586","https://openalex.org/W580801381","https://openalex.org/W584123678","https://openalex.org/W586396952","https://openalex.org/W593983600","https://openalex.org/W596643841","https://openalex.org/W600897249","https://openalex.org/W601720437","https://openalex.org/W607174062","https://openalex.org/W613435536","https://openalex.org/W619894154","https://openalex.org/W625260467","https://openalex.org/W651263462","https://openalex.org/W836988308","https://openalex.org/W1496714189","https://openalex.org/W1500893623","https://openalex.org/W1513830342","https://openalex.org/W1518992740","https://openalex.org/W1519244271","https://openalex.org/W1532403282","https://openalex.org/W1547675478","https://openalex.org/W1552451703","https://openalex.org/W1556779054","https://openalex.org/W1569847725","https://openalex.org/W1582813353","https://openalex.org/W1596035818","https://openalex.org/W1645060261","https://openalex.org/W1966652641","https://openalex.org/W1967435339","https://openalex.org/W1970153032","https://openalex.org/W1971082889","https://openalex.org/W1976723522","https://openalex.org/W1979233713","https://openalex.org/W1980827015","https://openalex.org/W1982313182","https://openalex.org/W1984649711","https://openalex.org/W1985320234","https://openalex.org/W1985347269","https://openalex.org/W1987234618","https://openalex.org/W1993355656","https://openalex.org/W1993562565","https://openalex.org/W1993987516","https://openalex.org/W1994106259","https://openalex.org/W1994158381","https://openalex.org/W1995627431","https://openalex.org/W1997036702","https://openalex.org/W1998879658","https://openalex.org/W2003471911","https://openalex.org/W2005407382","https://openalex.org/W2005931435","https://openalex.org/W2006977877","https://openalex.org/W2007026514","https://openalex.org/W2008700515","https://openalex.org/W2012070001","https://openalex.org/W2013104637","https://openalex.org/W2014153625","https://openalex.org/W2019572675","https://openalex.org/W2020888919","https://openalex.org/W2023543982","https://openalex.org/W2025799288","https://openalex.org/W2027098953","https://openalex.org/W2031708382","https://openalex.org/W2033103128","https://openalex.org/W2033293328","https://openalex.org/W2035110810","https://openalex.org/W2036652543","https://openalex.org/W2038063651","https://openalex.org/W2039086948","https://openalex.org/W2040771762","https://openalex.org/W2040787822","https://openalex.org/W2056206296","https://openalex.org/W2056766098","https://openalex.org/W2059459928","https://openalex.org/W2061234283","https://openalex.org/W2065727912","https://openalex.org/W2068069258","https://openalex.org/W2072112602","https://openalex.org/W2077894952","https://openalex.org/W2078383786","https://openalex.org/W2081152992","https://openalex.org/W2081495887","https://openalex.org/W2083239369","https://openalex.org/W2086585956","https://openalex.org/W2089227244","https://openalex.org/W2089760314","https://openalex.org/W2096448588","https://openalex.org/W2106096746","https://openalex.org/W2108463256","https://openalex.org/W2110011958","https://openalex.org/W2111688015","https://openalex.org/W2113081522","https://openalex.org/W2115133263","https://openalex.org/W2115245177","https://openalex.org/W2120137617","https://openalex.org/W2120492761","https://openalex.org/W2123452900","https://openalex.org/W2124891224","https://openalex.org/W2128347432","https://openalex.org/W2139357876","https://openalex.org/W2145625641","https://openalex.org/W2153588049","https://openalex.org/W2158159543","https://openalex.org/W2165295731","https://openalex.org/W2169268965","https://openalex.org/W2170964323","https://openalex.org/W2171267552","https://openalex.org/W2312453592","https://openalex.org/W2314217638","https://openalex.org/W2314264715","https://openalex.org/W2315099900","https://openalex.org/W2315337656","https://openalex.org/W2315444796","https://openalex.org/W2316277801","https://openalex.org/W2318114201","https://openalex.org/W2318460387","https://openalex.org/W2318780512","https://openalex.org/W2321638971","https://openalex.org/W2322103092","https://openalex.org/W2324167098","https://openalex.org/W2325828917","https://openalex.org/W2330031754","https://openalex.org/W2335973548","https://openalex.org/W2339057518","https://openalex.org/W2465585306","https://openalex.org/W2485826115","https://openalex.org/W2494023415","https://openalex.org/W2504056275","https://openalex.org/W2515669534","https://openalex.org/W2521052629","https://openalex.org/W2597578142","https://openalex.org/W2598520501","https://openalex.org/W2602993656","https://openalex.org/W2603383950","https://openalex.org/W2791630660","https://openalex.org/W2793828067","https://openalex.org/W2795506679","https://openalex.org/W2795621720","https://openalex.org/W2795753505","https://openalex.org/W2795987038","https://openalex.org/W2796196288","https://openalex.org/W2796471947","https://openalex.org/W2796492491","https://openalex.org/W2797064743","https://openalex.org/W2797273054","https://openalex.org/W2797356281","https://openalex.org/W2797411820","https://openalex.org/W2797495808","https://openalex.org/W2797787860","https://openalex.org/W2797844755","https://openalex.org/W2797887907","https://openalex.org/W2799850881","https://openalex.org/W2800078292","https://openalex.org/W2800991100","https://openalex.org/W2801697136","https://openalex.org/W2802405547","https://openalex.org/W2802739346","https://openalex.org/W2979039258","https://openalex.org/W3015661159","https://openalex.org/W3048563861","https://openalex.org/W3086160306","https://openalex.org/W3148039851","https://openalex.org/W3196801594","https://openalex.org/W3203791682","https://openalex.org/W4206166023","https://openalex.org/W4211000501","https://openalex.org/W4212865799","https://openalex.org/W4213135621","https://openalex.org/W4213450588","https://openalex.org/W4213452414","https://openalex.org/W4229853698","https://openalex.org/W4230121729","https://openalex.org/W4230176413","https://openalex.org/W4230372821","https://openalex.org/W4230521098","https://openalex.org/W4231261995","https://openalex.org/W4231394509","https://openalex.org/W4231986084","https://openalex.org/W4232754735","https://openalex.org/W4234656041","https://openalex.org/W4234981651","https://openalex.org/W4236408767","https://openalex.org/W4236921234","https://openalex.org/W4239267955","https://openalex.org/W4243269473","https://openalex.org/W4245326165","https://openalex.org/W4246946815","https://openalex.org/W4248218371","https://openalex.org/W4251302799","https://openalex.org/W4251581476","https://openalex.org/W4298928682","https://openalex.org/W4300173561","https://openalex.org/W4300367789","https://openalex.org/W4302356721","https://openalex.org/W4388189636","https://openalex.org/W4400326676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2257110791","https://openalex.org/W2257560686","https://openalex.org/W2198675983","https://openalex.org/W1968372828","https://openalex.org/W2110472052","https://openalex.org/W2022810765","https://openalex.org/W3004540682","https://openalex.org/W2466190738","https://openalex.org/W1999664582","https://openalex.org/W2138570123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0,3],"POET":[1],"AND":[2],"ORAL":[4],"TRADITION":[5],"What":[6],"would":[7],"the":[8,13,49,63,68,87,103,105,125,169,179,209,212,227,234,237,246,258],"world":[9],"be":[10],"like":[11,136,141],"if":[12],"Iliad":[14,247],"and":[15,55,72,89,111,114,155,166,201,206,248,260],"Odyssey":[16,249],"had":[17],"utterly":[18],"perished,":[19],"or":[20,138],"been":[21],"preserved":[22],"only":[23,33],"in":[24,48,84,168,203],"fragments?":[25],"The":[26,95,186],"question":[27],"hardly":[28],"bears":[29],"thinking":[30],"about.":[31],"Yet":[32],"a":[34,73,183],"fraction":[35],"of":[36,51,70,91,93,109,127,130,152,218,229,264],"Greek":[37],"tragedy":[38],"has":[39],"survived":[40],"\u2014":[41],"why":[42],"then":[43],"are":[44],"we":[45],"so":[46,116],"fortunate":[47],"case":[50],"Homer,":[52],"who":[53],"lived":[54],"worked":[56],"some":[57],"three":[58],"hundred":[59],"years":[60,219],"earlier":[61],"than":[62,158,257],"great":[64],"tragedians,":[65],"long":[66],"before":[67,78],"era":[69],"libraries":[71],"developed":[74],"book-trade,":[75],"probably":[76],"even":[77,220,256],"writing":[79],"itself":[80],"was":[81,101,148],"seriously":[82],"applied":[83],"Greece":[85],"to":[86,123,177,197,211,244],"composing":[88],"recording":[90],"works":[92,263],"literature?":[94],"main":[96],"reason":[97],"is":[98,160,224],"that":[99],"Homer":[100],"from":[102,164,208],"beginning":[104],"most":[106],"admired":[107],"poet":[108],"Hellenic":[110],"Hellenized":[112],"antiquity,":[113],"remained":[115],"until":[117],"near":[118],"its":[119],"end.":[120],"He":[121],"seemed":[122],"embody":[124],"spirit":[126],"an":[128,149],"age":[129],"heroes,":[131],"yet":[132],"never":[133],"looked":[134],"old-fashioned":[135],"Aeschylus":[137],"morally":[139],"dubious":[140],"Euripides.":[142],"Learning":[143],"his":[144,173],"poetry":[145],"by":[146,199,226],"heart":[147],"essential":[150],"part":[151],"ordinary":[153],"education,":[154],"that,":[156,222],"more":[157,254,261],"anything,":[159],"what":[161],"saved":[162],"it":[163],"fragmentation":[165],"decay":[167],"first":[170],"centuries":[171,214],"after":[172,221],"death.":[174],"Once":[175],"consigned":[176],"writing,":[178],"text":[180],"gradually":[181],"achieved":[182],"standard":[184],"form.":[185],"written":[187],"versions":[188],"ran":[189],"wild":[190],"at":[191],"first,":[192],"but":[193],"were":[194,250],"slowly":[195],"reduced":[196],"order":[198],"scholars":[200],"librarians":[202],"Athens,":[204],"Alexandria":[205],"Pergamum":[207],"fifth":[210],"second":[213],"B.C.":[215],"For":[216],"hundreds":[217],"as":[223],"shown":[225],"ruins":[228],"Graeco":[230],"Roman":[231],"settlements":[232],"along":[233],"Nile,":[235],"on":[236],"dry":[238],"escarpments":[239],"where":[240],"papyrus":[241],"books":[242],"happen":[243],"survive,":[245],"still":[251],"widely":[252],"read,":[253],"popular":[255],"lowbrow":[259],"modern":[262],"Menander.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
