{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237747477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0658","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237747477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1147/sj.454.0658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112676551","display_name":"IBM Systems Journal","issn_l":"0018-8670","issn":["0018-8670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024288085","display_name":"Irene Greif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Greif","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Division"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Division","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090471054","display_name":"Michael H. J. Rhodin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-7545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-7545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Rhodin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Workplace, Portal, and Collaboration Software, IBM Software Group, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Workplace, Portal, and Collaboration Software, IBM Software Group, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76927755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.42820000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.42820000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12594","display_name":"Collaboration in agile enterprises","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.14499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaboration","display_name":"collaboration","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-transformation","display_name":"business transformation","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-models","display_name":"business models","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software-development","display_name":"open source software development","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-structure","display_name":"organizational structure","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-flexibility","display_name":"organizational flexibility","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-responsiveness","display_name":"customer responsiveness","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.8109174966812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5634480714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.4770633280277252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.46279147267341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.43627840280532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2902131676673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.23665988445281982}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1147/sj.454.0658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112676551","display_name":"IBM Systems Journal","issn_l":"0018-8670","issn":["0018-8670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IBM Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541405366","https://openalex.org/W3154654816","https://openalex.org/W2063476190","https://openalex.org/W2106008920","https://openalex.org/W2407494810","https://openalex.org/W2071883479","https://openalex.org/W3046177250","https://openalex.org/W2624914465","https://openalex.org/W2604028019","https://openalex.org/W2928050418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collaboration":[0],"in":[1,82],"today's":[2],"global":[3],"business":[4,24,34,103],"environment":[5],"is":[6],"being":[7,43],"highlighted":[8],"by":[9],"management":[10],"experts":[11],"and":[12,19,39,62,74,76,91],"financial":[13],"analysts":[14],"as":[15,37,46,50],"critical":[16],"to":[17,70,79],"innovation":[18],"the":[20,32,53,83,92,98],"creation":[21],"of":[22,55],"new":[23,88],"models.":[25],"Successful":[26],"collaborations":[27],"that":[28,94],"were":[29],"created":[30],"outside":[31],"traditional":[33],"world,":[35],"such":[36],"Wikipediat":[38],"open-source":[40],"development,":[41],"are":[42],"held":[44],"up":[45],"models":[47,65],"for":[48,100],"enterprises":[49,69],"they":[51],"meet":[52],"challenges":[54],"a":[56],"connected":[57,84],"world":[58],"involving":[59],"customers,":[60],"partners,":[61],"competitors.":[63],"These":[64],"can":[66],"help":[67],"enable":[68],"be":[71],"more":[72,77],"flexible":[73],"creative":[75],"responsive":[78],"customer":[80],"needs":[81],"world.":[85],"Research":[86],"into":[87],"organizational":[89],"structures":[90],"technologies":[93],"facilitate":[95],"change":[96],"provides":[97],"foundation":[99],"implementing":[101],"future":[102],"transformations.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
