{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237655977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2296233","title":"The General Theory of Second Best","display_name":"The General Theory of Second Best","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237655977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2296233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2296233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2296233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2296233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88935262","display_name":"The Review of Economic Studies","issn_l":"0034-6527","issn":["0034-6527","1467-937X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Economic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001518780","display_name":"Richard G. Lipsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9715-7914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9715-7914"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. G. Lipsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029223067","display_name":"Kelvin J. Lancaster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin Lancaster","raw_affiliation_strings":["London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4952,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":6530},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2050,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46125731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.5034000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.5034000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.13779999315738678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13825","display_name":"Economic Policies and Impacts","score":0.0771000012755394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-efficiency","display_name":"partial efficiency","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-failure","display_name":"market failure","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-economics","display_name":"welfare economics","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externalities","display_name":"externalities","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37330472469329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3671260476112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3654292821884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.35651206970214844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2296233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2296233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2296233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88935262","display_name":"The Review of Economic Studies","issn_l":"0034-6527","issn":["0034-6527","1467-937X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Economic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:restud:v:24:y:1956:i:1:p:11-32.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/2296233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233971234","https://openalex.org/W2034342911","https://openalex.org/W2309650648","https://openalex.org/W1499269750","https://openalex.org/W3125960397","https://openalex.org/W2093041230","https://openalex.org/W2085743332","https://openalex.org/W2049690831","https://openalex.org/W2036852153","https://openalex.org/W4416090075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"R.":[0],"G.":[1],"Lipsey,":[2],"Kelvin":[3],"Lancaster;":[4],"The":[5,12],"General":[6],"Theory":[7],"of":[8,14],"Second":[9],"Best":[10],"1,":[11,20],"Review":[13],"Economic":[15],"Studies,":[16],"Volume":[17],"24,":[18],"Issue":[19],"1":[21],"January":[22],"1956,":[23],"Pages":[24],"11\u201332,":[25],"https://do":[26]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":122},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":56}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}