{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237428230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","title":"Higher-order abstract syntax","display_name":"Higher-order abstract syntax","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237428230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/53990.54010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/53990.54010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917474","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI)","issn_l":"1531-7102","issn":["1531-7102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1988 conference on Programming language design and implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/53990.54010","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021476649","display_name":"Frank Pfenning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-5817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-5817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Pfenning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058654790","display_name":"Conal M. Elliott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-9518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-9518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Elliott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":397,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93619972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"199","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-abstract-syntax","display_name":"higher-order abstract syntax","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/name-binding","display_name":"name binding","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-manipulation","display_name":"program manipulation","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"substitution","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-systems","display_name":"formal systems","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-systems","display_name":"rule-based systems","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.814509391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.8034560084342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7967067360877991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.745954155921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114408938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333373","display_name":"Abstract syntax","level":3,"score":0.7070409059524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190883126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132874","display_name":"Lisp","level":2,"score":0.6070941686630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.5797443389892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5220494270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4588914215564728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11742125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195374","display_name":"Syntax error","level":4,"score":0.44177931547164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171553443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373045","display_name":"Formal grammar","level":3,"score":0.43251487612724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4111374318599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3220352530479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.12401330471038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0850931704044342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/53990.54010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/53990.54010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917474","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI)","issn_l":"1531-7102","issn":["1531-7102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1988 conference on Programming language design and implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/53990.54010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/53990.54010","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/53990.54010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917474","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI)","issn_l":"1531-7102","issn":["1531-7102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1988 conference on Programming language design and implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4237428230.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4237428230.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81066175","https://openalex.org/W1550435668","https://openalex.org/W1996404651","https://openalex.org/W2023299380","https://openalex.org/W2034676877","https://openalex.org/W2051504145","https://openalex.org/W2062968803","https://openalex.org/W2070577487","https://openalex.org/W4234265897","https://openalex.org/W4252681483","https://openalex.org/W6628563569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098015994","https://openalex.org/W7100304477","https://openalex.org/W2095381028","https://openalex.org/W2151846014","https://openalex.org/W7028725391","https://openalex.org/W753688434","https://openalex.org/W7100624324","https://openalex.org/W7074586386","https://openalex.org/W4246086292","https://openalex.org/W2039769798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,67],"describe":[1],"motivation,":[2],"design,":[3],"use,":[4],"and":[5,19,26,32,49,76,79],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,88],"higher-order":[8,70],"abstract":[9,40,71],"syntax":[10,41],"as":[11,56],"a":[12,47,57,73],"central":[13,37],"representation":[14],"for":[15],"programs,":[16],"formulas,":[17],"rules,":[18],"other":[20,27],"syntactic":[21],"objects":[22],"in":[23,46,63,82,85],"program":[24],"manipulation":[25],"formal":[28,65],"systems":[29],"where":[30],"matching":[31,75],"substitution":[33],"or":[34],"unification":[35,77],"are":[36],"operations.":[38],"Higher-order":[39],"incorporates":[42],"name":[43],"binding":[44],"information":[45],"uniform":[48],"language":[50],"generic":[51],"way.":[52],"Thus":[53],"it":[54],"acts":[55],"powerful":[58],"link":[59],"integrating":[60],"diverse":[61],"tools":[62],"such":[64],"environments.":[66],"have":[68],"implemented":[69],"syntax,":[72],"supporting":[74],"algorithm,":[78],"some":[80],"clients":[81],"Common":[83],"Lisp":[84],"the":[86,89],"framework":[87],"Ergo":[90],"project":[91],"at":[92],"Carnegie":[93],"Mellon":[94],"University.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
