{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237196708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300","title":"Lobbying in the Shadows : How Private Interests Hide From Public Scrutiny and Why That Matters","display_name":"Lobbying in the Shadows : How Private Interests Hide From Public Scrutiny and Why That Matters","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237196708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4135/9781483391786.n11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483391786.n11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483391786.n11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463074","display_name":"CQ Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interest Group Politics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298188343","display_name":"Interest Group Politics"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073754797","display_name":"Timothy M. LaPira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-7439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-7439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11883440","display_name":"James Madison University","ror":"https://ror.org/028pmsz77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11883440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim LaPira","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Madison University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Madison University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11883440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073754797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11883440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97312999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"224","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lobbying","display_name":"lobbying","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-scrutiny","display_name":"public scrutiny","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-interests","display_name":"private interests","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-finance-disclosure","display_name":"campaign finance disclosure","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-groups","display_name":"interest groups","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-influence","display_name":"political influence","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.9710163474082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4277487099170685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36603522300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.365304559469223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36381617188453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.26150640845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18371546268463135}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4135/9781483391786.n11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483391786.n11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483391786.n11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463074","display_name":"CQ Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interest Group Politics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2507300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2507300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2507300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97169105","https://openalex.org/W572082425","https://openalex.org/W2007102278","https://openalex.org/W2071379347","https://openalex.org/W2075581699","https://openalex.org/W2086539728","https://openalex.org/W2166202269","https://openalex.org/W2333983184","https://openalex.org/W2487357270","https://openalex.org/W4213386455","https://openalex.org/W4229674140","https://openalex.org/W4235963196","https://openalex.org/W4237601227","https://openalex.org/W4239022308","https://openalex.org/W4239483501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409142312","https://openalex.org/W3082000758","https://openalex.org/W7050454384","https://openalex.org/W4254892623","https://openalex.org/W64003427","https://openalex.org/W2134935882","https://openalex.org/W7171645586","https://openalex.org/W4236538510","https://openalex.org/W4396962316","https://openalex.org/W4245222314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"chapter,":[2],"I":[3,53,80,102,135],"explore":[4],"how":[5,105],"common":[6],"it":[7],"is":[8],"for":[9,44,73],"professionals":[10],"engaged":[11],"in":[12,121],"policy":[13,90,138],"influence":[14,144],"activities":[15],"to":[16,32,60,76,96,140],"report":[17,20],"or":[18],"not":[19],"lobbying":[21,38,142],"under":[22,123],"the":[23,34,45,62,82,85,98,114,124],"Lobbying":[24],"Disclosure":[25],"Act":[26,132],"(LDA),":[27],"develop":[28],"a":[29],"new":[30],"measure":[31],"detect":[33],"effects":[35],"of":[36,49,57,87,116],"unreported":[37,50],"activities,":[39],"and":[40,47,67,93,129,143],"examine":[41,104],"alternative":[42],"explanations":[43],"causes":[46],"consequences":[48],"lobbying.":[51],"First,":[52],"review":[54],"normative":[55],"theories":[56],"political":[58,148],"representation":[59],"make":[61],"case":[63],"that":[64,146],"interest":[65],"groups":[66],"their":[68],"lobbyists":[69],"are":[70],"absolutely":[71],"necessary":[72],"our":[74],"democracy":[75],"function":[77],"well.":[78],"Second,":[79],"evaluate":[81],"LDA":[83,106],"through":[84],"lens":[86],"targeted":[88],"transparency":[89,145],"(Fung,":[91],"Graham,":[92],"Weil":[94],"2007)":[95],"highlight":[97],"law's":[99],"weaknesses.":[100],"Third,":[101],"empirically":[103],"disclosures":[107],"have":[108],"changed":[109],"over":[110],"time,":[111],"especially":[112],"since":[113],"passage":[115],"its":[117],"first":[118],"major":[119],"revision":[120],"2007":[122],"comparatively":[125],"partisan":[126],"Honest":[127],"Leadership":[128],"Open":[130],"Government":[131],"(HLOGA).":[133],"Finally,":[134],"recommend":[136],"modest":[137],"changes":[139],"improve":[141],"preserves":[147],"speech":[149],"protections.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}