{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237032965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","title":"The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on Aboriginal mortality in Western Australia, 1989\u20131991","display_name":"The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on Aboriginal mortality in Western Australia, 1989\u20131991","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237032965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7746204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13978405","display_name":"The Medical Journal of Australia","issn_l":"0025-729X","issn":["0025-729X","1326-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Australia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046643265","display_name":"C Elizabeth Unwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800882159","display_name":"Government of Western Australia Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01epcny94","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Elizabeth Unwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800882159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019768662","display_name":"Neil J Thomson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800882159","display_name":"Government of Western Australia Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01epcny94","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil J Thomson","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800882159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109178813","display_name":"Michael S Gracey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800882159","display_name":"Government of Western Australia Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01epcny94","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S Gracey","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Health Purchasing Authority, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800882159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800882159"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93048128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"162","issue":"9","first_page":"475","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10348","display_name":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10348","display_name":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.25780001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13822","display_name":"Indigenous Health and Education","score":0.13220000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aboriginal-australians","display_name":"Aboriginal Australians","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-health","display_name":"Indigenous health","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attributable-mortality","display_name":"attributable mortality","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-standardized-mortality-rates","display_name":"age-standardized mortality rates","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-australia","display_name":"Western Australia","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.7308622002601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7177574634552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.6571109294891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019190695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Tobacco use","level":3,"score":0.5572896003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.503227174282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4679262638092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235","display_name":"Northern territory","level":2,"score":0.44604623317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.4371771812438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.42646995186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.38697677850723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18871790170669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.17851224541664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.15118008852005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0826617181301117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06832918524742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000095283","descriptor_name":"Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014904","descriptor_name":"Western Australia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb140009.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13978405","display_name":"The Medical Journal of Australia","issn_l":"0025-729X","issn":["0025-729X","1326-5377"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of Australia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7746204","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7746204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Medical journal of Australia","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39581863","https://openalex.org/W1964792004","https://openalex.org/W1970680507","https://openalex.org/W2115152227","https://openalex.org/W2165757134","https://openalex.org/W2470817289","https://openalex.org/W2586470994","https://openalex.org/W2975889788","https://openalex.org/W3143569680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W133051977","https://openalex.org/W2470817289","https://openalex.org/W6884648883","https://openalex.org/W7140188196","https://openalex.org/W2789622275","https://openalex.org/W2464546189","https://openalex.org/W4388695254","https://openalex.org/W2115152227","https://openalex.org/W2082347729","https://openalex.org/W2082792293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"compare":[2],"the":[3,37,44],"estimated":[4,33],"death":[5,77,181],"rates":[6,78,182],"associated":[7],"with":[8,19,36,134,161],"alcohol":[9,30,68,85,174],"and":[10,29,62,67,72,84,90,95,100,102,106,122,136,149,163,173],"tobacco":[11,27,83,116,171],"use":[12],"for":[13,21,34,57,70,82,178],"Australian":[14],"Aboriginals":[15,184],"in":[16,139,166,188],"Western":[17,48,189],"Australia":[18],"those":[20,109],"non-Aboriginals.":[22,167],"METHOD:":[23],"Deaths":[24],"attributable":[25],"to":[26],"smoking":[28,54,172],"consumption":[31,69,175],"were":[32,176],"1989-1991":[35,170],"aetiological":[38],"fractions":[39],"method,":[40],"using":[41],"data":[42],"from":[43],"Health":[45],"Department":[46],"of":[47,59,64,115,119,124,131,146,151,158],"Australia's":[49],"mortality":[50],"database.":[51],"RESULTS:":[52],"Tobacco":[53],"was":[55],"responsible":[56,177],"15.4%":[58],"all":[60],"deaths":[61],"13.9%":[63],"Aboriginal":[65,87,97,120,125,147,152],"deaths,":[66,144],"5%":[71],"9.2%,":[73],"respectively.":[74],"The":[75],"age-standardised":[76],"per":[79],"100,000":[80],"person-years":[81],"were:":[86],"males,":[88,93],"271":[89],"152;":[91],"other":[92,103],"113":[94],"29;":[96],"females,":[98,104],"118":[99],"56;":[101],"32":[105],"15.":[107],"Of":[108],"who":[110],"died":[111,127,154],"as":[112],"a":[113],"result":[114],"use,":[117],"49%":[118],"males":[121,148],"48%":[123],"females":[126,153],"before":[128,155],"55":[129,156],"years":[130,157],"age,":[132,159],"compared":[133,160],"11%":[135],"10%,":[137],"respectively,":[138,165],"non-Aboriginal":[140],"males.":[141],"For":[142],"alcohol-related":[143],"62%":[145],"70%":[150],"35%":[162],"23%,":[164],"CONCLUSION:":[168],"During":[169],"much":[179],"higher":[180],"among":[183,186],"than":[185],"non-Aboriginals":[187],"Australia.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}