{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4236871018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008302","title":"A NEUROBIOLOGICAL THEORY OF MEANING IN PERCEPTION PART IV: MULTICORTICAL PATTERNS OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION IN GAMMA EEG","display_name":"A NEUROBIOLOGICAL THEORY OF MEANING IN PERCEPTION PART IV: MULTICORTICAL PATTERNS OF AMPLITUDE MODULATION IN GAMMA EEG","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4236871018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218127403008302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81011612","display_name":"International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos","issn_l":"0218-1274","issn":["0218-1274","1793-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108290583","display_name":"Walter Freeman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WALTER J. FREEMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050111642","display_name":"Brian C. Burke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BRIAN C. BURKE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3296,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91230043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"2857","last_page":"2866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.6449999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.3402999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"amplitude modulation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisensory-integration","display_name":"multisensory integration","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-cortex","display_name":"olfactory cortex","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"visual cortex","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-cortex","display_name":"auditory cortex","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatomotor-cortex","display_name":"somatomotor cortex","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entorhinal-cortex","display_name":"entorhinal cortex","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limbic-system","display_name":"limbic system","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cats","display_name":"cats","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rabbits","display_name":"rabbits","score":0.9309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.64280766248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.507131814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.47454437613487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.4667549133300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4585869014263153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.44570010900497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.4333481192588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4303056299686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.41477662324905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4023059010505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35496199131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2819538116455078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2656131088733673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.19202464818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1341991126537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1222538948059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10594001412391663}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218127403008302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81011612","display_name":"International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos","issn_l":"0218-1274","issn":["0218-1274","1793-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:qt6f41189t","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Freeman, Walter J III; &amp; Burke, Brian C. (2003). A neurobiological theory of meaning in perception. Part 4. Multicortical patterns of amplitude modulation in gamma EEG. International Journal of Bifurcation &amp; Chaos, 13, 2857 - 2866. UC Berkeley: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt6f41189t","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Bifurcation &amp; Chaos, vol 13","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:qt6f41189t","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Freeman, Walter J III; &amp; Burke, Brian C. (2003). A neurobiological theory of meaning in perception. Part 4. Multicortical patterns of amplitude modulation in gamma EEG. International Journal of Bifurcation &amp; Chaos, 13, 2857 - 2866. UC Berkeley: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6f41189t","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1604597149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH 06686","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2555299518","display_name":"SODAS:  MODELS OF SELF-ORGANIZING ONTOGENETIC DEVE LOPMENT FOR AUTONOMOUS ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS","funder_award_id":"NCC21244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7390584896","display_name":"Percolation Model of Phase Transitions in the Central Nervous Systems during Perceptual Information Processing","funder_award_id":"0130352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4236871018.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4236871018.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120611589","https://openalex.org/W131584428","https://openalex.org/W181468950","https://openalex.org/W206280282","https://openalex.org/W1484264815","https://openalex.org/W1500295349","https://openalex.org/W1514899908","https://openalex.org/W1765499524","https://openalex.org/W1969491530","https://openalex.org/W1972546905","https://openalex.org/W1976260940","https://openalex.org/W1986372159","https://openalex.org/W1987211298","https://openalex.org/W1998387843","https://openalex.org/W2000092964","https://openalex.org/W2005599147","https://openalex.org/W2010505724","https://openalex.org/W2010588422","https://openalex.org/W2012765472","https://openalex.org/W2021102124","https://openalex.org/W2041281077","https://openalex.org/W2042710847","https://openalex.org/W2054092487","https://openalex.org/W2082187992","https://openalex.org/W2093196811","https://openalex.org/W2095590015","https://openalex.org/W2102546182","https://openalex.org/W2103365933","https://openalex.org/W2108564062","https://openalex.org/W2109652963","https://openalex.org/W2117814965","https://openalex.org/W2119132304","https://openalex.org/W2132167023","https://openalex.org/W2133710600","https://openalex.org/W2161350892","https://openalex.org/W2162722007","https://openalex.org/W2165859472","https://openalex.org/W2205135715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7020829904","https://openalex.org/W7096683630","https://openalex.org/W1995126867","https://openalex.org/W2157288764","https://openalex.org/W2605336617","https://openalex.org/W2098946937","https://openalex.org/W1967167639","https://openalex.org/W2316129925","https://openalex.org/W7021181039","https://openalex.org/W7095346429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,97,135,161,252],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,17,51,88,131,138,145,147,155,158,183,240,245,261],"this":[3],"study":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,59,81,141,210,216,226],"find":[7],"spatial":[8],"patterns":[9,120,182,213],"EEG":[11,119,219],"amplitude":[12,101,184],"in":[13,35,42,107,117,133,170,174,176,187,221,265,275],"the":[14,18,43,72,82,108,122,142,156,165,211,218,222,227,237,241,249],"gamma":[15,109,166,250],"range":[16],"EEGs":[19],"from":[20,85,121],"multiple":[21],"sensory":[22,267,278],"and":[23,30,48,53,63,125,153,193],"limbic":[24],"areas":[25,50,179,207],"that":[26,164,214],"demonstrate":[27],"multisensory":[28,232],"convergence":[29],"integration.":[31],"64":[32],"electrodes":[33],"spread":[34],"small":[36],"arrays":[37],"were":[38,57,199],"fixed":[39],"on":[40],"or":[41],"olfactory,":[44],"visual,":[45],"auditory,":[46],"somatomotor":[47],"entorhinal":[49],"cats":[52],"rabbits.":[54],"subjects":[56],"trained":[58],"discriminate":[60],"2":[61,65],"visual":[62],"then":[64],"auditory":[66],"conditioned":[67,228],"stimuli,":[68],"one":[69],"reinforced":[70],"(CS+),":[71],"other":[73,277],"not":[74],"(CS-).":[75],"A":[76],"moving":[77],"window":[78,113],"was":[79,102,269],"applied":[80],"6-s":[83],"records":[84],"20":[86],"trials":[87],"each":[89,105,112,139],"CS":[90,262],"including":[91],"a":[92,115,148],"3-s":[93],"prestimulus":[94],"control":[95],"(CS0).":[96],"root":[98],"mean":[99],"square":[100],"calculated":[103],"for":[104,151],"signal":[106],"range,":[110],"so":[111],"gave":[114,128],"point":[116,140],"64-space.":[118,134],"CS+,":[123],"CS-":[124],"CS0":[126],"conditions":[127],"3":[129],"clusters":[130],"points":[132],"Euclidean":[136],"distance":[137],"nearest":[143],"center":[144],"gravity":[146],"cluster":[149],"served":[150,215],"classification":[152],"estimation":[154],"probability":[157],"correct":[159],"classification.":[160],"results":[162],"showed":[163],"activity":[167,264],"(35\u201360":[168],"Hz":[169,173],"cats,":[171],"20\u201380":[172],"rabbits)":[175],"all":[177],"five":[178],"formed":[180],"global":[181],"modulation":[185],"(AM)":[186],"time":[188],"windows":[189,223],"lasting":[190],"~100\u2013200":[191],"ms":[192,260],"recurring":[194],"at":[195],"2\u20134":[196],"Hz,":[197],"which":[198],"correctly":[200],"classified":[201],"above":[202],"chance":[203],"levels":[204],"(p<0.01).":[205],"All":[206],"contributed":[208],"information":[209],"AM":[212],"classify":[217],"epochs":[220],"with":[224],"respect":[225],"stimuli.":[229],"In":[230],"conclusion,":[231],"integration":[233,253],"took":[234,273],"place":[235,274],"over":[236],"greater":[238],"part":[239],"hemisphere,":[242],"despite":[243],"lack":[244],"phase":[246],"coherence":[247],"among":[248],"waves.":[251],"occurred":[254],"rapidly":[255],"enough":[256],"that,":[257],"within":[258],"300":[259],"onset,":[263],"every":[266,276],"area":[268],"modified":[270],"by":[271],"what":[272],"area.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}