{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4236559442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","title":"Deep Learning","display_name":"Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4236559442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288077072","display_name":"Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online"},"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108378754","display_name":"Nicholas G. Polson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas G. Polson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012467860","display_name":"Vadim Sokolov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-2965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-2965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vadim O. Sokolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dimensional-data-reduction","display_name":"high-dimensional data reduction","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-output-model","display_name":"input-output model","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box-prediction","display_name":"black-box prediction","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-estimation","display_name":"function estimation","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"image processing","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"robotics","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.9599999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8427265882492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8306239247322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6617040634155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5592789649963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5474357008934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.46278315782546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4614466726779938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42221635580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4141852855682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.11329203844070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10005328059196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat08171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1889624880","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1988115241","https://openalex.org/W2042743751","https://openalex.org/W2084341220","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2102612409","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2108671543","https://openalex.org/W2121148725","https://openalex.org/W2152722485","https://openalex.org/W2161388792","https://openalex.org/W2163490846","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2208555118","https://openalex.org/W2283601525","https://openalex.org/W2511261638","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2531823172","https://openalex.org/W2550848904","https://openalex.org/W2567534979","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2586702902","https://openalex.org/W2588178958","https://openalex.org/W2593182953","https://openalex.org/W2595713799","https://openalex.org/W2606150549","https://openalex.org/W2611029872","https://openalex.org/W2618818903","https://openalex.org/W2620965429","https://openalex.org/W2626792426","https://openalex.org/W2749772809","https://openalex.org/W2770241596","https://openalex.org/W2772138577","https://openalex.org/W2794607344","https://openalex.org/W2798464229","https://openalex.org/W2950220847","https://openalex.org/W3105432754","https://openalex.org/W4238143865","https://openalex.org/W4244096624","https://openalex.org/W4251483105","https://openalex.org/W4385200742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614752179","https://openalex.org/W4285240915","https://openalex.org/W2888601675","https://openalex.org/W4407065359","https://openalex.org/W3109050580","https://openalex.org/W4387560871","https://openalex.org/W3008297566","https://openalex.org/W3118752301","https://openalex.org/W3137472154","https://openalex.org/W3118091236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deep":[1,65],"learning":[2,23,40,66],"(DL)":[3],"is":[4,18,67],"a":[5,19,42,49,80],"high\u2010dimensional":[6,12,84],"data":[7],"reduction":[8],"technique":[9],"for":[10,83],"constructing":[11],"predictors":[13],"in":[14,56,69],"input\u2013output":[15],"models.":[16],"DL":[17],"form":[20],"of":[21,28,38,51,54],"machine":[22],"that":[24],"uses":[25],"hierarchical":[26],"layers":[27],"latent":[29],"features.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"article,":[33],"we":[34],"review":[35],"the":[36],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[37],"deep":[39],"from":[41],"modelling":[43],"and":[44,63,75],"algorithmic":[45],"perspective.":[46],"We":[47],"provide":[48],"list":[50],"successful":[52],"areas":[53],"applications":[55],"Artificial":[57],"Intelligence":[58],"(AI),":[59],"Image":[60],"Processing,":[61],"Robotics":[62],"Automation.":[64],"predictive":[68],"its":[70],"nature":[71],"rather":[72],"than":[73],"inferential":[74],"can":[76],"be":[77],"viewed":[78],"as":[79],"black\u2010box":[81],"methodology":[82],"function":[85],"estimation.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}