{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4235913880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","title":"Factor Analysis: Uncovering Unobservable Constructs","display_name":"Factor Analysis: Uncovering Unobservable Constructs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4235913880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153465370","display_name":"Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027869544","display_name":"Ulf Liebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-9849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-9849"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Liebe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027869544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67534791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14283","display_name":"Diverse Academic Research Areas","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-analysis","display_name":"factor analysis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-factor-analysis","display_name":"exploratory factor analysis","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmatory-factor-analysis","display_name":"confirmatory factor analysis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-constructs","display_name":"latent constructs","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-reduction","display_name":"data reduction","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-testing","display_name":"hypothesis testing","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.8171151876449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7725651264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7519638538360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6477196216583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.5586047172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10879293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726474","display_name":"Factor analysis","level":2,"score":0.4740452766418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4556662142276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3354586362838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3265027105808258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3258066475391388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2973443865776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2732841372489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2655423879623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074417764","https://openalex.org/W7097912340","https://openalex.org/W7215260838","https://openalex.org/W4327572992","https://openalex.org/W7100443384","https://openalex.org/W3116574738","https://openalex.org/W7000224262","https://openalex.org/W2911590638","https://openalex.org/W2892381366","https://openalex.org/W1590065021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"examines":[2],"factor":[3,49,64,85,88,92,95,110,131],"analysis,":[4],"which":[5],"is":[6,39,66,97,112,139],"used":[7,98,113],"to":[8,54,114,133,146],"test":[9,115],"whether":[10,136],"a":[11,41,67,105,126],"set":[12,106],"of":[13,57,84,107],"observable":[14],"or":[15,21,24],"manifest":[16],"variables":[17,122],"can":[18],"measure":[19],"one":[20],"more":[22],"unobservable":[23],"latent":[25],"constructs":[26,33],"that":[27,121],"they":[28],"have":[29],"in":[30,72,104,125],"common.":[31],"Such":[32],"are":[34,81,123],"called":[35],"factors.":[36],"Factor":[37],"analysis":[38,50,65,89,96,111,132],"therefore":[40],"data":[42,143,150],"reduction":[43],"method.":[44],"In":[45],"its":[46],"foundation":[47],"period,":[48],"was":[51],"often":[52],"applied":[53],"the":[55,73,101,118,137,142,149,152],"study":[56],"general":[58],"intelligence":[59],"and":[60,77,90,129],"mental":[61],"abilities.":[62],"Nowadays":[63],"workhorse":[68],"for":[69,99],"quantitative":[70],"research":[71],"social":[74],"sciences,":[75],"humanities,":[76],"natural":[78],"sciences.":[79],"There":[80],"two":[82],"types":[83],"analysis:":[86],"exploratory":[87],"confirmatory":[91],"analysis.":[93],"Exploratory":[94],"examining":[100],"underlying":[102],"structures":[103],"variables.":[108],"Confirmatory":[109],"theoretical":[116],"hypotheses;":[117],"researcher":[119],"assumes":[120],"interrelated":[124],"specific":[127],"way":[128],"uses":[130],"find":[134],"out":[135],"assumption":[138],"supported":[140],"by":[141],"\u2014":[144],"i.e.":[145],"what":[147],"extent":[148],"fits":[151],"predefined":[153],"structure.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
