{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233569732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","title":"The Rise of Citizen Security in Latin America and the Caribbean","display_name":"The Rise of Citizen Security in Latin America and the Caribbean","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233569732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/9789004351677_014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","pdf_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/edcoll/9789004351677/B9789004351677_016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462967","display_name":"Brill | Nijhoff eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Pathways to Sustainable Development: Lessons from Latin America","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753891165","display_name":"Alternative Pathways to Sustainable Development: Lessons from Latin America"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/edcoll/9789004351677/B9789004351677_016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039987318","display_name":"Robert Muggah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-3127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-3127"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Muggah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039987318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9671,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97898015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"291","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-security","display_name":"citizen security","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-and-violence","display_name":"crime and violence","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america-and-the-caribbean","display_name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-reform","display_name":"law enforcement reform","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-reform","display_name":"criminal justice reform","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penal-system","display_name":"penal system","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-prevention","display_name":"violence prevention","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/at-risk-youth","display_name":"at-risk youth","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impunity","display_name":"impunity","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"inequality","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repressive-policing","display_name":"repressive policing","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-safety","display_name":"citizen safety","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745341","display_name":"Impunity","level":3,"score":0.8317192792892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.6477878093719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.6044643521308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6040974259376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.5760196447372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373752","display_name":"Victimisation","level":4,"score":0.5372042655944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5345574617385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4850141704082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4724833369255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.4313095510005951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.37768614292144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.352131724357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.3011847734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29625844955444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2557520568370819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.15753018856048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12398019433021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.1107223629951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09974208474159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1163/9789004351677_014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","pdf_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/edcoll/9789004351677/B9789004351677_016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462967","display_name":"Brill | Nijhoff eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Pathways to Sustainable Development: Lessons from Latin America","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1163/9789004351677_014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004351677_014","pdf_url":"https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/edcoll/9789004351677/B9789004351677_016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462967","display_name":"Brill | Nijhoff eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Pathways to Sustainable Development: Lessons from Latin America","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4233569732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4233569732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39502997","https://openalex.org/W55275110","https://openalex.org/W178810490","https://openalex.org/W334859351","https://openalex.org/W571839312","https://openalex.org/W1514783374","https://openalex.org/W1533379430","https://openalex.org/W1598661002","https://openalex.org/W1826606912","https://openalex.org/W1978354521","https://openalex.org/W2009075608","https://openalex.org/W2026334315","https://openalex.org/W2032467576","https://openalex.org/W2058895320","https://openalex.org/W2070689404","https://openalex.org/W2078329913","https://openalex.org/W2082467633","https://openalex.org/W2086889278","https://openalex.org/W2093169026","https://openalex.org/W2094147852","https://openalex.org/W2103302101","https://openalex.org/W2115721395","https://openalex.org/W2117881141","https://openalex.org/W2142553775","https://openalex.org/W2144259334","https://openalex.org/W2147803265","https://openalex.org/W2166961757","https://openalex.org/W2167058496","https://openalex.org/W2185694491","https://openalex.org/W2189821821","https://openalex.org/W2282172805","https://openalex.org/W2555540094","https://openalex.org/W2560461591","https://openalex.org/W2561024082","https://openalex.org/W2586617206","https://openalex.org/W2594473676","https://openalex.org/W2597416750","https://openalex.org/W2604280729","https://openalex.org/W2796638730","https://openalex.org/W2914787632","https://openalex.org/W2959012752","https://openalex.org/W3027540974","https://openalex.org/W3123891054","https://openalex.org/W4255408936","https://openalex.org/W6777603706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788367875","https://openalex.org/W3166014298","https://openalex.org/W605594019","https://openalex.org/W2902714072","https://openalex.org/W1519011555","https://openalex.org/W7045315300","https://openalex.org/W4242369794","https://openalex.org/W2321974851","https://openalex.org/W4245161488","https://openalex.org/W2185694491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Latin":[0],"American":[1],"and":[2,33,43,55,103,118,130],"Caribbean":[3],"societies":[4],"are":[5],"among":[6],"the":[7,28,36,50,80,101],"most":[8],"violent":[9],"on":[10,127],"earth.":[11],"The":[12],"problem":[13,51],"appears":[14],"to":[15,40,58,94,112],"be":[16],"worsening.":[17],"Why?":[18],"There":[19],"is":[20,139],"not":[21],"one,":[22],"but":[23],"several":[24],"explanations":[25],"accounting":[26],"for":[27],"steady":[29],"increases":[30],"in":[31,74,141,152],"crime":[32],"victimisation":[34],"across":[35],"region.":[37],"In":[38],"addition":[39],"jarring":[41],"inequality":[42],"chronic":[44],"impunity,":[45],"a":[46,63,87,96,147],"major":[47],"part":[48],"of":[49,66,82,105,136,150],"stems":[52],"from":[53,86],"repressive":[54],"punitive":[56],"approaches":[57],"tackling":[59],"criminality.":[60],"More":[61],"positively,":[62],"new":[64],"generation":[65],"home":[67],"grown":[68],"\u2018citizen":[69],"security\u2019":[70],"measures":[71,85],"has":[72],"emerged":[73],"recent":[75],"decades.":[76],"These":[77],"interventions":[78],"expand":[79],"focus":[81],"public":[83],"security":[84,145],"narrow":[88],"preoccupation":[89],"with":[90,99,122],"safeguarding":[91],"state":[92],"institutions":[93],"encompass":[95],"wider":[97],"concern":[98],"preserving":[100],"safety":[102],"rights":[104],"citizens.":[106],"Taken":[107],"together,":[108],"they":[109],"include":[110],"strategies":[111],"reform":[113],"law":[114],"enforcement,":[115],"criminal":[116],"justice,":[117],"penal":[119],"systems":[120],"together":[121],"violence":[123],"prevention":[124],"activities":[125],"focused":[126],"at-risk":[128],"families":[129],"youth.":[131],"While":[132],"hard":[133],"scientific":[134],"evidence":[135],"their":[137],"effectiveness":[138],"still":[140],"short":[142],"supply,":[143],"citizen":[144],"represents":[146],"positive":[148],"evolution":[149],"thinking":[151],"an":[153],"otherwise":[154],"staunchly":[155],"conservative":[156],"domain.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
