{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233160715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925265","title":"Development of the table of initial isolation distances and protective action distances for the 2004 emergency response guidebook.","display_name":"Development of the table of initial isolation distances and protective action distances for the 2004 emergency response guidebook.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233160715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/925265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/925265","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. F. Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. F. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085177714","display_name":"W. A. Freeman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. A. Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046465305","display_name":"Richard A. Carhart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Carhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026360575","display_name":"M. Krumpolc","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Krumpolc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14410","display_name":"Safety and Risk Management","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-spill-response","display_name":"chemical spill response","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-dispersion-modeling","display_name":"atmospheric dispersion modeling","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accident-scenario-analysis","display_name":"accident scenario analysis","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6533193588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189764856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778187","display_name":"Atmospheric dispersion modeling","level":3,"score":0.5242928862571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.41614794731140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777862431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823701","display_name":"Preventive action","level":2,"score":0.4113350808620453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.399985134601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3545059561729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.34039655327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2722790241241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22434937953948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21238210797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.1945103108882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/925265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:925265","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/925265","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/925265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc902125","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc902125/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:925265","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/925265","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/925265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4233160715.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4233160715.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569685525","https://openalex.org/W1606261517","https://openalex.org/W1966099708","https://openalex.org/W1997964748","https://openalex.org/W2002683199","https://openalex.org/W2003467989","https://openalex.org/W2004064188","https://openalex.org/W2008256612","https://openalex.org/W2016727838","https://openalex.org/W2018734580","https://openalex.org/W2022294230","https://openalex.org/W2027126219","https://openalex.org/W2038666930","https://openalex.org/W2056859511","https://openalex.org/W2075678591","https://openalex.org/W2078725581","https://openalex.org/W2085937313","https://openalex.org/W2088339148","https://openalex.org/W2095038654","https://openalex.org/W2103983685","https://openalex.org/W2143710445","https://openalex.org/W2412740009","https://openalex.org/W2895483547","https://openalex.org/W2942729448","https://openalex.org/W3021683600","https://openalex.org/W4247457274","https://openalex.org/W4299832119","https://openalex.org/W4387393618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499327475","https://openalex.org/W619740140","https://openalex.org/W302478803","https://openalex.org/W4411371006","https://openalex.org/W4229623435","https://openalex.org/W2887269627","https://openalex.org/W7098498415","https://openalex.org/W51070260","https://openalex.org/W2895213942","https://openalex.org/W2383926269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"report":[1],"provides":[2],"technical":[3],"documentation":[4],"for":[5,27,99,194,224],"values":[6,193,223],"in":[7,18,32,101,198,234],"the":[8,19,29,33,38,43,52,74,135,152,156,160,183,199,230,235],"Table":[9],"of":[10,90,113,116,190,226],"Initial":[11],"Isolation":[12],"and":[13,54,86,118,129,215],"Protective":[14],"Action":[15],"Distances":[16],"(PADs)":[17],"2004":[20],"Emergency":[21,173],"Response":[22,174],"Guidebook":[23],"(ERG2004).":[24],"The":[25,96,146,168,187,219],"objective":[26],"choosing":[28],"PADs":[30,231],"specified":[31],"ERG2004":[34],"is":[35,71,78,123,144,149,182],"to":[36,40,47,61,80,92,133],"balance":[37],"need":[39],"adequately":[41],"protect":[42],"public":[44],"from":[45,59,139,155],"exposure":[46],"potentially":[48],"harmful":[49],"substances":[50],"against":[51],"risks":[53],"expenses":[55],"that":[56,232],"could":[57],"result":[58],"overreacting":[60],"a":[62,68,88,141],"spill.":[63],"To":[64],"quantify":[65],"this":[66],"balance,":[67],"statistical":[69,188],"approach":[70],"adopted,":[72],"whereby":[73],"best":[75],"available":[76],"information":[77],"used":[79],"conduct":[81],"an":[82],"accident":[83,106],"scenario":[84,122],"analysis":[85,200],"develop":[87],"set":[89,97],"up":[91],"1,000,000":[93],"hypothetical":[94],"incidents.":[95],"accounts":[98],"differences":[100],"containers":[102],"types,":[103,105],"incident":[104],"severity":[107],"(i.e.,":[108],"amounts":[109],"released),":[110],"locations,":[111],"times":[112,115],"day,":[114],"year,":[117],"meteorological":[119],"conditions.":[120],"Each":[121],"analyzed":[124],"using":[125],"detailed":[126],"emission":[127],"rate":[128],"atmospheric":[130],"dispersion":[131],"models":[132],"calculate":[134],"downwind":[136,154],"chemical":[137,161],"concentrations":[138],"which":[140,159],"'safe":[142],"distance'":[143],"determined.":[145],"safe":[147,191,221],"distance":[148,153,192,222],"defined":[150],"as":[151],"source":[157],"at":[158],"concentration":[162],"falls":[163],"below":[164],"health":[165,184],"protection":[166],"criteria.":[167],"American":[169],"Industrial":[170],"Hygiene":[171],"Association's":[172],"Planning":[175],"Guideline":[176],"Level":[177],"2":[178],"(ERPG-2)":[179],"or":[180],"equivalent":[181],"criteria":[185],"used.":[186],"sample":[189],"all":[195],"incidents":[196],"considered":[197],"are":[201],"separated":[202],"into":[203],"four":[204],"categories:":[205],"small":[206,209],"spill/daytime":[207,213],"release,":[208,211,214],"spill/nighttime":[210,217],"large":[212,216],"release.":[218],"90th-percentile":[220],"each":[225],"these":[227],"groups":[228],"became":[229],"appear":[233],"ERG2004.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
