{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233045992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420030464-8","title":"Carbon Black","display_name":"Carbon Black","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233045992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420030464-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781420030464-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420030464-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420030464-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rubber Compounding","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W614295848","display_name":"Rubber Compounding"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087573559","display_name":"Wesley A. Wampler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wesley A. Wampler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005289764","display_name":"Thomas F. Carlson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas F. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075842984","display_name":"William Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-4852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-4852"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50381291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"248","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13104","display_name":"Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-black","display_name":"carbon black","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubber-reinforcement","display_name":"rubber reinforcement","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tire-industry","display_name":"tire industry","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-pigment","display_name":"black pigment","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubber-compounds","display_name":"rubber compounds","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-combustion","display_name":"incomplete combustion","score":0.34599998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44038986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764245","display_name":"Carbon black","level":3,"score":0.4978609085083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3391655683517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13280490040779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781420030464-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420030464-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420030464-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rubber Compounding","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123517061","https://openalex.org/W1755641723","https://openalex.org/W4237846211","https://openalex.org/W2490412746","https://openalex.org/W1122046816","https://openalex.org/W7160399133","https://openalex.org/W2905540971","https://openalex.org/W2484919617","https://openalex.org/W2319070371","https://openalex.org/W4239216880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carbon":[0],"black":[1,23,40,90,125,148,167,208],"is":[2,126,168],"produced":[3],"by":[4,17,52],"the":[5,19,43,53,58,67,92,97,114,150,154,158,162,182,194],"incomplete":[6],"combustion":[7],"of":[8,21,100,123,146,157,161,206],"organic":[9],"substances,":[10],"probably":[11],"\ufb01rst":[12,33,44],"noted":[13],"in":[14,50,57,81,129,149,171,193],"ancient":[15],"times":[16],"observing":[18],"deposits":[20],"a":[22,29,39,48,189,211],"substance":[24],"on":[25,153,210],"objects":[26],"close":[27],"to":[28,94,104,177,180,185],"burning":[30],"material.":[31],"Its":[32],"applications":[34,175],"were":[35],"no":[36],"doubt":[37],"as":[38,105,188],"pigment,":[41],"and":[42,55,140,184],"reported":[45],"use":[46,187],"was":[47,64,84],"colorant":[49],"inks":[51],"Chinese":[54],"Hindus":[56],"third":[59],"century":[60,70],"A.D.":[61],"(1).":[62],"It":[63],"not":[65],"until":[66],"early":[68],"twentieth":[69],"when":[71],"carbon":[72,89,124,138,147,166,207],"blackwas":[73],"\ufb01rstmixed":[74],"into":[75],"rubber":[76,101,174,183,197],"that":[77,88],"its":[78,109,178,186],"possible":[79],"usefulness":[80],"this":[82],"area":[83],"explored.":[85],"The":[86],"fact":[87],"has":[91,107],"ability":[93,179],"signi\ufb01cantly":[95],"improve":[96],"physical":[98],"properties":[99],"(often":[102],"referred":[103],"reinforcement)":[106],"provided":[108],"largest":[110],"market":[111],"today,":[112],"i.e.,":[113],"tire":[115,135],"industry.":[116],"Currently":[117],"about":[118,201],"5":[119],"million":[120,203],"metric":[121,204],"tons":[122,205],"used":[127,170],"worldwide":[128,212],"tires":[130],"annually":[131,209],"(2).":[132,214],"A":[133],"typical":[134],"contains":[136],"30-35%":[137],"black,":[139],"there":[141],"are":[142],"normally":[143],"several":[144],"grades":[145],"tire,":[151],"depending":[152],"reinforcement":[155],"requirements":[156],"particular":[159],"component":[160],"tire.":[163],"Of":[164],"course,":[165],"also":[169],"many":[172],"non-tire":[173],"owing":[176],"reinforce":[181],"cost":[190],"reduction":[191],"diluent":[192],"compound.":[195],"Non-tire":[196],"products":[198],"currently":[199],"require":[200],"2":[202],"basis":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
