{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232594573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/356024a0","title":"Catalysis steps","display_name":"Catalysis steps","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232594573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/356024a0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/356024a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/356024a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/356024a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005333275","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Kallen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00d6RG KALLEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034191259","display_name":"Claus E. Spitzfaden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CLAUS SPITZFADEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089191449","display_name":"Mauro G. M. Zurini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MAURO G. M. ZURINI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036728793","display_name":"Gerhard Wider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-7645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-7645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GERHARD WIDER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109194439","display_name":"Hans Widmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HANS WIDMER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000254356","display_name":"Kurt W\u00fcthrich A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-6965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-6965","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-6616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KURT W\u00dcTHRICH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021205482","display_name":"Malcolm D. Walkinshaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-9325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-9325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891806","display_name":"Sandoz Group AG (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rse7p59","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MALCOLM D. WALKINSHAW","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH 4002, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891806"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77856577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"356","issue":"6364","first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.32030001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11162","display_name":"Enzyme Structure and Function","score":0.32030001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12191","display_name":"Chemical Reaction Mechanisms","score":0.267300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11747","display_name":"Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms","score":0.12770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis","display_name":"catalysis","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-catalysis","display_name":"enzyme catalysis","score":0.8370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31970667839050293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/356024a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/356024a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/356024a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968148276","https://openalex.org/W2000058866","https://openalex.org/W2051881176","https://openalex.org/W2077140822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026504782","https://openalex.org/W1558308580","https://openalex.org/W4245776978","https://openalex.org/W6983874101","https://openalex.org/W2091032267","https://openalex.org/W2292307275","https://openalex.org/W7207119429","https://openalex.org/W7058403472","https://openalex.org/W1583558678","https://openalex.org/W1499217721"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}