{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232589445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817908","title":"The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages","display_name":"The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232589445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511817908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021750995","display_name":"Edward Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8216-6655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8216-6655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Bloomington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Bloomington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021750995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":342,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96336014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12857","display_name":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origins-of-modern-science","display_name":"origins of modern science","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-science","display_name":"medieval science","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-revolution","display_name":"scientific revolution","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-universities","display_name":"medieval universities","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/12th-century","display_name":"12th century","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/13th-century","display_name":"13th century","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-science","display_name":"history of science","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-intellectual-history","display_name":"medieval intellectual history","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143128703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12554","display_name":"Middle Ages","level":2,"score":0.897545337677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993782284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214078","display_name":"Scientific revolution","level":2,"score":0.7397427558898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.7068439722061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.6884906888008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551968917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5043","display_name":"Christianity","level":2,"score":0.5725061893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.5152295231819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.48422908782958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4671551585197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C532726627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478958","display_name":"Western culture","level":2,"score":0.4536047875881195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.24899864196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.12066569924354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08395823836326599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511817908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511817908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W600906802","https://openalex.org/W1554053016","https://openalex.org/W2390866148","https://openalex.org/W4300518594","https://openalex.org/W7103142663","https://openalex.org/W4252276925","https://openalex.org/W2382355141","https://openalex.org/W586290933","https://openalex.org/W632271473","https://openalex.org/W1941238556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contrary":[0],"to":[1],"prevailing":[2],"opinion,":[3],"the":[4,12,19,23,34,47,58,63,71,75,86,98,103,107,110,125,131,140],"roots":[5],"of":[6,22,38,67,74,109,127],"modern":[7,128,132],"science":[8,129],"were":[9],"planted":[10],"in":[11,57,80,97,102,106,112,136],"ancient":[13],"and":[14,44,60,105,130],"medieval":[15],"worlds":[16],"long":[17],"before":[18],"Scientific":[20],"Revolution":[21],"seventeenth":[24],"century.":[25],"Indeed,":[26],"that":[27,78,84,90,124],"revolution":[28,83],"would":[29],"have":[30],"been":[31],"inconceivable":[32],"without":[33],"cumulative":[35],"antecedent":[36],"efforts":[37],"three":[39],"great":[40],"civilisations:":[41],"Greek,":[42],"Islamic,":[43],"Latin.":[45],"With":[46],"scientific":[48,82],"riches":[49],"it":[50,119],"derived":[51],"by":[52],"translation":[53],"from":[54],"Greco-Islamic":[55],"sources":[56],"twelfth":[59],"thirteenth":[61],"centuries,":[62],"Christian":[64],"Latin":[65],"civilisation":[66],"Western":[68,137],"Europe":[69,138],"began":[70],"last":[72],"leg":[73],"intellectual":[76],"journey":[77],"culminated":[79],"a":[81],"transformed":[85],"world.":[87],"The":[88],"factors":[89],"produced":[91],"this":[92,115],"unique":[93],"achievement":[94],"are":[95],"found":[96],"way":[99],"Christianity":[100],"developed":[101],"West,":[104],"invention":[108],"university":[111,133],"1200.":[113],"As":[114],"1997":[116],"study":[117],"shows,":[118],"is":[120],"no":[121],"mere":[122],"coincidence":[123],"origins":[126],"occurred":[134],"simultaneously":[135],"during":[139],"late":[141],"Middle":[142],"Ages.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}