{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232496565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","title":"Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre\u2010corneal tear film. 3. The normal tear film of the cat","display_name":"Polarized light biomicroscopic observations on the pre\u2010corneal tear film. 3. The normal tear film of the cat","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232496565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79984219","display_name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","issn_l":"0022-4510","issn":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004612333","display_name":"S. D. CARRINGTON","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. D. CARRINGTON","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, 17/25, Cayton Street, London EClV 9AT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, 17/25, Cayton Street, London EClV 9AT","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042094071","display_name":"Peter G. C. Bedford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-7210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-7210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133836048","display_name":"Royal Veterinary College","ror":"https://ror.org/01wka8n18","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. G. C. BEDFORD","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020Royal Veterinary College Field Station, Hawkshead House, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Royal Veterinary College Field Station, Hawkshead House, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070050593","display_name":"Jean\u2010Pierre Guillon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.\u2010P. GUILLON","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u202124 Moreton Street, London SW1"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u202124 Moreton Street, London SW1","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113070261","display_name":"E. Geoffrey Woodward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325675289","display_name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03zaddr67","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325675289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150574","display_name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03tb37539","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325675289","https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. G. WOODWARD","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00a7Contact Lens and Prosthesis Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EClV 2PD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7Contact Lens and Prosthesis Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EClV 2PD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325675289","https://openalex.org/I4210150574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70713008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"9","first_page":"821","last_page":"826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12141","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Thin Films","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-layer","display_name":"lipid layer","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blink-rate","display_name":"blink rate","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tear-film-thickness","display_name":"tear film thickness","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cats","display_name":"cats","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.784021258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.681813657283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779904517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5008900","display_name":"CATS","level":2,"score":0.5715372562408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3921795189380646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07798874378204346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01347.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79984219","display_name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","issn_l":"0022-4510","issn":["0022-4510","1748-5827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W352658330","https://openalex.org/W2015512066","https://openalex.org/W2032693647","https://openalex.org/W2093616989","https://openalex.org/W2134771428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134771428","https://openalex.org/W4394788185","https://openalex.org/W4311575710","https://openalex.org/W2032693647","https://openalex.org/W2065560081","https://openalex.org/W3031692820","https://openalex.org/W2001866016","https://openalex.org/W1994355299","https://openalex.org/W1899573336","https://openalex.org/W1721774988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Polarized":[1],"light":[2],"biomicroscopy":[3],"was":[4,32,92,118],"used":[5],"to":[6,107],"examine":[7],"the":[8,28,41,45,70,78,81,84,129,137,146],"pre\u2010corneal":[9],"tear":[10,30,46,82,134],"film":[11,31,47,135],"in":[12,52,96],"14":[13],"normal":[14,22],"cats.":[15],"Blink":[16],"rates":[17],"were":[18,48,110],"also":[19],"determined.":[20],"The":[21,113,133],"range":[23],"of":[24,27,37,40,44,66,73,77,80,86,103,128,136,143],"surface":[25,38,72],"morphology":[26],"feline":[29],"established.":[33],"Two":[34],"principal":[35],"categories":[36],"patterning":[39],"lipid":[42,88,105],"layer":[43,89],"identified.":[49],"These":[50],"occurred":[51],"all":[53,97],"eyes":[54],"examined":[55],"and":[56,62,145],"were:":[57],"(a)":[58],"a":[59,64],"wave\u2010like":[60],"pattern,":[61],"(b)":[63],"pattern":[65],"variable":[67],"character":[68],"resembling":[69],"polished":[71],"granite.":[74],"Over":[75],"most":[76],"area":[79],"film,":[83],"thickness":[85],"its":[87],"between":[90],"blinks":[91,122],"under":[93],"0\u00b7089":[94],"\u03bcm":[95],"cats":[98],"examined.":[99],"However,":[100],"narrow":[101],"streaks":[102],"thicker":[104],"(up":[106],"0\u00b7511":[108],"\u03bcm)":[109],"occasionally":[111],"observed.":[112],"mean":[114],"total":[115,130],"blink":[116,131],"rate":[117],"2\u00b74/min.":[119],"Overall,":[120],"incomplete":[121],"constituted":[123],"approximately":[124],"50":[125],"per":[126],"cent":[127],"rate.":[132],"cat":[138],"is":[139],"compared":[140],"with":[141],"that":[142],"man":[144],"dog.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
