{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232409907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","title":"Rethinking Authority in the Carolingian Empire","display_name":"Rethinking Authority in the Carolingian Empire","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232409907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318533","host_organization_name":"Amsterdam University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318533"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Amsterdam University Press"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031345970","display_name":"Rutger Kramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-4880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-4880"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rutger Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031345970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78258778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14451","display_name":"Historical and Religious Studies of Rome","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13739","display_name":"Medieval and Early Modern Justice","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-politics","display_name":"Carolingian politics","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ninth-century","display_name":"9th century","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-intellectual-history","display_name":"Carolingian intellectual history","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-reform","display_name":"Carolingian reform","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-kingship","display_name":"Carolingian kingship","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-law","display_name":"Carolingian law","score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-religion","display_name":"Carolingian religion","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-diplomacy","display_name":"Carolingian diplomacy","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-economy","display_name":"Carolingian economy","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-culture","display_name":"Carolingian culture","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-succession","display_name":"Carolingian succession","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-historiography","display_name":"Carolingian historiography","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-archaeology","display_name":"Carolingian archaeology","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-art","display_name":"Carolingian art","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-music","display_name":"Carolingian music","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carolingian-literature","display_name":"Carolingian literature","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.8269834518432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.45281827449798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.42214447259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32596880197525024}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318533","host_organization_name":"Amsterdam University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318533"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Amsterdam University Press"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c74c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318533","host_organization_name":"Amsterdam University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318533"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Amsterdam University Press"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320273","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":287,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1659913","https://openalex.org/W20664389","https://openalex.org/W36699768","https://openalex.org/W47538404","https://openalex.org/W65616872","https://openalex.org/W96736492","https://openalex.org/W139513569","https://openalex.org/W167265932","https://openalex.org/W167589204","https://openalex.org/W189541486","https://openalex.org/W299664522","https://openalex.org/W361356612","https://openalex.org/W363256854","https://openalex.org/W371571976","https://openalex.org/W403762820","https://openalex.org/W409300143","https://openalex.org/W418641462","https://openalex.org/W429293498","https://openalex.org/W560968907","https://openalex.org/W561425094","https://openalex.org/W564046187","https://openalex.org/W567482473","https://openalex.org/W587443989","https://openalex.org/W592880470","https://openalex.org/W593797476","https://openalex.org/W594391080","https://openalex.org/W595312184","https://openalex.org/W599479555","https://openalex.org/W608162748","https://openalex.org/W608295781","https://openalex.org/W616050510","https://openalex.org/W620522892","https://openalex.org/W621764813","https://openalex.org/W624225341","https://openalex.org/W628590969","https://openalex.org/W631569147","https://openalex.org/W636067468","https://openalex.org/W637726942","https://openalex.org/W640215741","https://openalex.org/W640411720","https://openalex.org/W645040729","https://openalex.org/W657442040","https://openalex.org/W657792340","https://openalex.org/W753812986","https://openalex.org/W769141744","https://openalex.org/W795856054","https://openalex.org/W862940054","https://openalex.org/W970933207","https://openalex.org/W1015286598","https://openalex.org/W1435428499","https://openalex.org/W1483708207","https://openalex.org/W1493882943","https://openalex.org/W1495765843","https://openalex.org/W1506830815","https://openalex.org/W1513876778","https://openalex.org/W1528435807","https://openalex.org/W1528812753","https://openalex.org/W1529102523","https://openalex.org/W1529119363","https://openalex.org/W1531868549","https://openalex.org/W1544436650","https://openalex.org/W1555829799","https://openalex.org/W1563753407","https://openalex.org/W1587601836","https://openalex.org/W1595825906","https://openalex.org/W1599472029","https://openalex.org/W1607115000","https://openalex.org/W1836949477","https://openalex.org/W1947210332","https://openalex.org/W1971607286","https://openalex.org/W1972450158","https://openalex.org/W1974029121","https://openalex.org/W1977291607","https://openalex.org/W1983637520","https://openalex.org/W1983910831","https://openalex.org/W1990663132","https://openalex.org/W1993206189","https://openalex.org/W1998319889","https://openalex.org/W2000448976","https://openalex.org/W2006470285","https://openalex.org/W2009680144","https://openalex.org/W2012852764","https://openalex.org/W2017092887","https://openalex.org/W2020062773","https://openalex.org/W2021290394","https://openalex.org/W2022192217","https://openalex.org/W2029926191","https://openalex.org/W2031759541","https://openalex.org/W2035809803","https://openalex.org/W2036747739","https://openalex.org/W2038652965","https://openalex.org/W2040389179","https://openalex.org/W2043012174","https://openalex.org/W2044497430","https://openalex.org/W2047557730","https://openalex.org/W2049623786","https://openalex.org/W2051025176","https://openalex.org/W2052685646","https://openalex.org/W2053453589","https://openalex.org/W2059700756","https://openalex.org/W2060020697","https://openalex.org/W2060763941","https://openalex.org/W2066580601","https://openalex.org/W2068758262","https://openalex.org/W2070321974","https://openalex.org/W2079060131","https://openalex.org/W2079490490","https://openalex.org/W2082550668","https://openalex.org/W2082702129","https://openalex.org/W2088210930","https://openalex.org/W2099966693","https://openalex.org/W2100014406","https://openalex.org/W2100544837","https://openalex.org/W2103848741","https://openalex.org/W2108930677","https://openalex.org/W2123440166","https://openalex.org/W2144168149","https://openalex.org/W2147121098","https://openalex.org/W2147723523","https://openalex.org/W2152528709","https://openalex.org/W2152974652","https://openalex.org/W2154865093","https://openalex.org/W2164344262","https://openalex.org/W2169697823","https://openalex.org/W2170106065","https://openalex.org/W2232835862","https://openalex.org/W2245667920","https://openalex.org/W2278660581","https://openalex.org/W2286412414","https://openalex.org/W2287691580","https://openalex.org/W2293046742","https://openalex.org/W2297907357","https://openalex.org/W2299081578","https://openalex.org/W2312745896","https://openalex.org/W2314618915","https://openalex.org/W2314896524","https://openalex.org/W2318463562","https://openalex.org/W2318624465","https://openalex.org/W2322492663","https://openalex.org/W2323694163","https://openalex.org/W2324889977","https://openalex.org/W2327048404","https://openalex.org/W2328810646","https://openalex.org/W2331576753","https://openalex.org/W2331694923","https://openalex.org/W2332105073","https://openalex.org/W2336668373","https://openalex.org/W2342342839","https://openalex.org/W2411658218","https://openalex.org/W2465875323","https://openalex.org/W2471284463","https://openalex.org/W2472259351","https://openalex.org/W2475733257","https://openalex.org/W2476141850","https://openalex.org/W2477747916","https://openalex.org/W2477761610","https://openalex.org/W2478433028","https://openalex.org/W2481529418","https://openalex.org/W2484205971","https://openalex.org/W2484764336","https://openalex.org/W2484938381","https://openalex.org/W2485181952","https://openalex.org/W2488824999","https://openalex.org/W2489525131","https://openalex.org/W2497928329","https://openalex.org/W2498632749","https://openalex.org/W2499109755","https://openalex.org/W2499748693","https://openalex.org/W2500050273","https://openalex.org/W2500829727","https://openalex.org/W2503008529","https://openalex.org/W2503200122","https://openalex.org/W2504124984","https://openalex.org/W2504624293","https://openalex.org/W2505524077","https://openalex.org/W2505657282","https://openalex.org/W2505727020","https://openalex.org/W2505782288","https://openalex.org/W2506864471","https://openalex.org/W2506917775","https://openalex.org/W2506940391","https://openalex.org/W2514728462","https://openalex.org/W2521546033","https://openalex.org/W2525275042","https://openalex.org/W2527864048","https://openalex.org/W2538267164","https://openalex.org/W2538334386","https://openalex.org/W2567714220","https://openalex.org/W2578511110","https://openalex.org/W2581014767","https://openalex.org/W2588538860","https://openalex.org/W2596627199","https://openalex.org/W2597676582","https://openalex.org/W2606337986","https://openalex.org/W2606346118","https://openalex.org/W2610235221","https://openalex.org/W2612953748","https://openalex.org/W2615625305","https://openalex.org/W2731963142","https://openalex.org/W2735513869","https://openalex.org/W2744108289","https://openalex.org/W2750297712","https://openalex.org/W2769741637","https://openalex.org/W2771150500","https://openalex.org/W2776849090","https://openalex.org/W2787592987","https://openalex.org/W2795121550","https://openalex.org/W2805375628","https://openalex.org/W2805510133","https://openalex.org/W2811209705","https://openalex.org/W2885710440","https://openalex.org/W2887129724","https://openalex.org/W2892264092","https://openalex.org/W2892379683","https://openalex.org/W2901374911","https://openalex.org/W2912412788","https://openalex.org/W2921978475","https://openalex.org/W2947564757","https://openalex.org/W2950013295","https://openalex.org/W2950989274","https://openalex.org/W2951257476","https://openalex.org/W2953646143","https://openalex.org/W2957550774","https://openalex.org/W2968212579","https://openalex.org/W2972514034","https://openalex.org/W2979222359","https://openalex.org/W2990130267","https://openalex.org/W3000433568","https://openalex.org/W3014113803","https://openalex.org/W3021316331","https://openalex.org/W3118493542","https://openalex.org/W3118545740","https://openalex.org/W3118958529","https://openalex.org/W3132834244","https://openalex.org/W3133081072","https://openalex.org/W3134109216","https://openalex.org/W3141113169","https://openalex.org/W3167807431","https://openalex.org/W3167936177","https://openalex.org/W3170868948","https://openalex.org/W3209068533","https://openalex.org/W4207073384","https://openalex.org/W4229484656","https://openalex.org/W4229951295","https://openalex.org/W4230058858","https://openalex.org/W4230270667","https://openalex.org/W4230615784","https://openalex.org/W4230898507","https://openalex.org/W4232707548","https://openalex.org/W4234098592","https://openalex.org/W4238778788","https://openalex.org/W4239374636","https://openalex.org/W4240711189","https://openalex.org/W4241748543","https://openalex.org/W4242204365","https://openalex.org/W4243021290","https://openalex.org/W4243116276","https://openalex.org/W4244822065","https://openalex.org/W4246393324","https://openalex.org/W4247766470","https://openalex.org/W4249283192","https://openalex.org/W4249385882","https://openalex.org/W4249469658","https://openalex.org/W4249584312","https://openalex.org/W4249913712","https://openalex.org/W4252486494","https://openalex.org/W4292695173","https://openalex.org/W4293155652","https://openalex.org/W4297904135","https://openalex.org/W4298189093","https://openalex.org/W4298360050","https://openalex.org/W4299953119","https://openalex.org/W4300193030","https://openalex.org/W4300552195","https://openalex.org/W4300709571","https://openalex.org/W4300956500","https://openalex.org/W4301074133","https://openalex.org/W4301407881","https://openalex.org/W4302354299","https://openalex.org/W4361797416","https://openalex.org/W4385174146","https://openalex.org/W4385174189","https://openalex.org/W4386848313","https://openalex.org/W4388359335","https://openalex.org/W4388382083","https://openalex.org/W4402489180","https://openalex.org/W4402516705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7132113261","https://openalex.org/W2992779151","https://openalex.org/W2414522890","https://openalex.org/W2497490465","https://openalex.org/W2160877195","https://openalex.org/W2439802258","https://openalex.org/W3162243958","https://openalex.org/W2905529348","https://openalex.org/W2181622532","https://openalex.org/W6931335679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"July":[1],"of":[2,15,26,54,108,137,159,165,199,220,223,248,316,369,415,450,466,480,498,515,535,601,614,626,640,645,654,664,675,693,696,702,739,762,817,845,851,873,940,945,950,1007,1012,1023,1048,1056,1058,1091,1125,1128,1153,1258,1267,1273],"2008,":[3],"Barack":[4,266],"Obama":[5,207],"held":[6],"a":[7,47,52,89,106,387,456,543,556,651,716,727,731,736,780,916,958,971,1253,1265],"campaign":[8],"speech":[9],"at":[10,331],"the":[11,16,60,78,96,99,134,138,143,197,204,215,232,251,281,284,321,334,344,359,420,435,446,462,478,481,496,513,516,536,564,594,602,612,624,635,643,668,673,676,697,723,799,818,823,833,849,858,866,875,879,885,903,909,912,923,941,948,951,976,979,991,996,1008,1021,1030,1046,1049,1059,1071,1088,1126,1151,1154,1170,1189,1222,1269,1274],"Siegess\u00e4ule":[12],"in":[13,20,64,88,133,358,429,455,461,519,553,581,679,778,908,936,963,1020,1040,1087,1165,1199,1221],"Berlin.'People":[14],"world',":[17],"he":[18,1043,1085,1095,1136],"proclaimed":[19],"his":[21,128,260,892,929,955,984,1002,1063,1092,1104,1132,1140,1256],"closing":[22],"statement,":[23],"'the":[24],"scale":[25],"our":[27,65,74],"challenge":[28],"is":[29,163,201,217,686,1197],"great.The":[30],"road":[31],"ahead":[32],"will":[33,285],"be":[34,187,193,525,588,620,855,970],"long.But":[35],"I":[36,101,130,150,171,179,340],"come":[37],"before":[38],"you":[39],"to":[40,46,104,123,141,211,276,286,378,424,473,476,524,528,532,545,549,558,575,610,622,714,803,854,889,901,969,973,989,1100,1114,1121],"say":[41],"that":[42,91,119,146,173,178,196,206,271,283,394,490,583,597,688,891,1027,1084,1148,1246,1261],"we":[43,190,383],"are":[44,51,307],"heirs":[45],"struggle":[48],"for":[49,311,434,448,616,848,898,1116,1156],"freedom.We":[50],"people":[53,347,529],"improbable":[55],"hope.With":[56],"an":[57,160,194,426,464,1053],"eye":[58],"towards":[59,1255],"future,":[61],"with":[62,353,510,650,704,1069,1252],"resolve":[63],"hearts,":[66],"let":[67],"us":[68,649],"remember":[69,131],"this":[70,124,183,264,303,323,392,401,416,503,681,740,946,1025,1149],"history,":[71],"and":[72,76,111,230,241,273,296,305,338,405,422,469,512,538,547,562,706,751,775,786,804,911,931,987,1001,1014,1074,1173,1186,1194,1230],"answer":[73],"destiny,":[75],"remake":[77],"world":[79,198,205,282],"once":[80,156],"again'.A":[81],"lofty":[82],"sentiment,":[83],"which":[84,444,655],"nonetheless":[85],"inspired":[86,269],"me":[87,148,237,270,301,379,399],"way":[90,256],"may":[92,1033],"not":[93,587,995],"have":[94,299,341,348,412,1034,1113,1145],"been":[95,349,413,1146],"intention":[97],"behind":[98],"speech:":[100],"had":[102,112,244,542,555,606,726,888,894],"moved":[103],"Berlin":[105],"couple":[107],"months":[109],"earlier,":[110],"just":[113],"embarked":[114],"on":[115,372,487,832,857,1176],"my":[116,239,292,354,370,408,430],"own":[117,261],"journey":[118],"would":[120,185,192,318,327,1112,1144],"-eventually":[121],"-lead":[122],"very":[125],"book.Reading":[126],"back":[127],"words,":[129],"sitting":[132],"blistering":[135],"heat":[136],"Brandenburg":[139],"summer":[140],"ponder":[142],"'improbable":[144],"hope'":[145],"brought":[147],"there.Indeed,":[149],"find":[151],"myself":[152],"thinking":[153],"about":[154,238,927,1037],"it":[155,290,326,685,689,720,921,934,1082,1119,1143,1196,1262],"again.The":[157],"pursuit":[158],"academic":[161],"career":[162],"made":[164,526,691],"improbabilities,":[166],"after":[167,661],"all.But,":[168],"even":[169,1250],"then,":[170],"knew":[172],"there":[174],"was":[175,523,690,881,935,947,967,981,1096,1150,1249],"one":[176,368,899],"certainty":[177],"could":[180,384,493,572],"count":[181],"on:":[182],"book":[184,216,417],"eventually":[186],"finished.And":[188],"here":[189],"are.It":[191],"understatement":[195],"2018":[200],"no":[202],"longer":[203],"so":[208,278,489,540,570],"optimistically":[209],"encouraged":[210],"do":[212,277],"better,":[213],"but":[214,325],"here.The":[218],"culmination":[219],"ten":[221],"years":[222,961,1110,1163],"reading,":[224],"writing,":[225],"asking,":[226],"answering,":[227],"bleeding,":[228],"sweating":[229],"crying.In":[231],"process,":[233],"everybody":[234,242],"who":[235,243,268,298,306,364,376,530,605,733,1032,1066],"asked":[236],"progress,":[240],"some":[245,346],"kind":[246],"words":[247],"encouragement":[249],"along":[250],"way,":[252,263],"has":[253,397],"found":[254],"their":[255,505,550,568,617,641,1038,1174],"onto":[257],"these":[258,312,560,646],"pages.In":[259],"small":[262],"includes":[265,291],"Obama,":[267],"day":[272],"unwittingly":[274],"continued":[275],"by":[279,567,1051,1131],"showing":[280],"reform":[287],"matters.Mostly,":[288],"however,":[289,722],"friends,":[293],"parents,":[294],"family":[295],"colleagues":[297],"helped":[300,398],"reach":[302],"point,":[304,730],"therefore":[308],"partially":[309],"responsible":[310],"pages.To":[313],"thank":[314],"all":[315],"them":[317],"easily":[319],"double":[320],"size":[322],"book,":[324],"feel":[328],"incomplete":[329],"without":[330],"least":[332],"acknowledging":[333],"support,":[335],"constructive":[336],"criticism,":[337],"friendship":[339],"received":[342],"over":[343,667],"years.While":[345],"more":[350,1213],"closely":[351],"involved":[352,678],"progress":[355],"than":[356],"others,":[357,810],"end,":[360],"every":[361],"single":[362],"person":[363,900],"ever":[365,1098],"sat":[366],"through":[367,590],"rants":[371],"Carolingian":[373,665,698,800,824,834,840,867,918,992,1177],"politics,":[374],"or":[375,389,393,592],"listened":[377],"patiently":[380],"explain":[381],"why":[382],"still":[385,658,1107],"learn":[386,573],"thing":[388],"two":[390,409],"from":[391,419,495,502,1103],"ninth-century":[395],"intellectual,":[396],"write":[400],"book.Mayke":[402],"de":[403],"Jong":[404],"Stefan":[406],"Esders,":[407],"PhD":[410],"supervisors,":[411],"part":[414,534],"right":[418],"start,":[421],"continue":[423],"exert":[425],"inspiring":[427],"presence":[428],"life.The":[431],"same":[432],"goes":[433],"DFG/ANR":[436],"research":[437],"group":[438,677],"'Hludowicus:":[439],"Die":[440],"Produktivit\u00e4t":[441],"einer":[442],"Krise',":[443],"provided":[445,566],"framework":[447],"many":[449,809],"Prologue":[451],"Great":[452],"ExpectationsIn":[453],"822,":[454,806],"royal":[457],"residence":[458],"near":[459],"Attigny":[460],"Ardennes,":[463],"assembly":[465],"bishops,":[467],"abbots":[468,701],"other":[470],"notables":[471],"met":[472],"discuss":[474],"how":[475,574,1195],"improve":[477],"state":[479],"Frankish":[482,517,669,813,819,952,1060,1271],"Church.Their":[483],"conclusions":[484],"were":[485,507,631,637,657,1067],"put":[486,856],"record":[488,644],"later":[491,962],"generations":[492],"benefit":[494,1101],"know-how":[497],"those":[499,539,599,604],"gathered":[500],"there.Judging":[501],"record,":[504],"deliberations":[506],"predominantly":[508],"concerned":[509],"education":[511],"future":[514],"Church":[518],"general.":[520],"1":[521,734,938,1168],"Schooling":[522],"available":[527],"wished":[531,847],"become":[533,895],"clergy,":[537],"educated":[541],"responsibility":[544,557,615],"guide":[546],"preach":[548],"flocks.The":[551],"people,":[552],"turn,":[554],"attend":[559],"sermons":[561],"heed":[563],"guidance":[565],"pastors,":[569],"they":[571],"live":[576],"better":[577],"lives.":[578],"2":[579,965,1218],"Finally,":[580],"stressing":[582],"clerical":[584],"offices":[585],"should":[586,619],"obtained":[589],"payment":[591],"nepotism,":[593],"prelates":[595],"confirmed":[596],"only":[598,1108],"worthy":[600],"office,":[603],"actually":[607],"learned":[608],"enough":[609],"bear":[611],"burden":[613],"flock,":[618],"allowed":[621],"walk":[623],"corridors":[625],"ecclesiastical":[627,852],"power.":[628],"3":[629],"These":[630],"important":[632],"matters.As":[633],"if":[634,994],"participants":[636],"reminding":[638],"themselves":[639],"priorities,":[642],"decisions":[647],"provides":[648],"comprehensive":[652],"picture":[653],"improvements":[656],"deemed":[659],"necessary":[660],"several":[662],"decades":[663],"rule":[666,1257],"Church.":[670],"4":[671,797,1079],"Although":[672],"composition":[674],"drafting":[680],"text":[682],"remains":[683],"unknown,":[684],"clear":[687,728],"up":[692,802,906],"high-ranking":[694],"members":[695,1057],"imperial":[699],"court,":[700],"monasteries":[703],"long":[705,1089],"venerable":[707],"histories,":[708],"as":[709,711,920,1135,1210,1264],"well":[710,1211],"newcomers":[712],"eager":[713],"make":[715],"mark.":[717],"5":[718],"Through":[719],"all,":[721],"internal":[724],"hierarchy":[725],"focal":[729],"figure":[732],"For":[735,842,1080],"general":[737],"overview":[738],"synod,":[741],"see":[742,782,807,836,1179,1202],"Hartmann,":[743],"Synoden":[744],"der":[745],"Karolingerzeit,":[746],"pp.166-167;":[747],"De":[748,754],"Jong,":[749,755],"'Power":[750],"humility',":[752],"esp.pp.31-32;":[753],"Penitential":[756],"State,":[757],"pp.34-38;":[758],"Depreux,":[759],"'The":[760],"penance":[761],"Attigny'.2":[763],"Concilium":[764,791],"Attiniacense,":[765,792],"c.":[766,770,793],"3,":[767],"p.":[768,772,795,863,1231],"471;":[769],"5,":[771],"472.On":[773],"preaching":[774],"its":[776,1075],"role":[777],"strengthening":[779],"community,":[781],"Pollheimer,":[783],"'Of":[784],"shepherds":[785],"sheep';":[787],"Diesenberger,":[788],"'Der":[789],"Prediger'.3":[790],"6,":[794],"472.":[796],"On":[798,1169],"reforms":[801],"beyond":[805],"among":[808,954],"McKitterick,":[811],"The":[812,870],"Church;":[814,820],"Claussen,":[815],"Reform":[816],"Brown,":[821],"'Introduction:":[822],"Renaissance';":[825],"Moore,":[826],"Sacred":[827],"Kingdom;":[828],"Gaillard,":[829],"D'Une":[830],"R\u00e9forme.Generally":[831],"world,":[835],"Costambeys":[837],"et":[838,1205],"al.,":[839],"World.5":[841],"instance,":[843],"Agobard":[844],"Lyon":[846],"'management":[850],"possessions'":[853],"agenda:":[859],"Wood,":[860],"Proprietary":[861],"Church,":[862],"795.":[864],"Framing":[865],"Reforms":[868],":":[869],"Early":[871],"Years":[872],"Louis":[874,878,1004],"PiousThe":[876],"year":[877,886],"Pious":[880],"born":[882],"-778":[883],"-was":[884],"Charlemagne":[887,925,1028],"acknowledge":[890],"realm":[893,930,953],"too":[896],"big":[897],"handle.With":[902],"Saxons":[904],"stirring":[905],"trouble":[907],"north-east,":[910],"Basques":[913],"having":[914,1052],"destroyed":[915],"sizable":[917],"army":[919],"crossed":[922],"Pyrenees,":[924],"set":[926],"organizing":[928],"making":[932],"sure":[933],"order.":[937],"One":[939],"most":[942],"immediate":[943],"results":[944],"division":[949],"three":[956,960,1109],"sons,":[957],"mere":[959],"781.":[964],"This":[966],"meant":[968,1026,1083],"precursor":[972],"Charlemagne's":[974],"succession:":[975],"eldest,":[977],"Charles":[978],"Younger,":[980],"taken":[982],"under":[983,1077],"father's":[985,1105,1133],"wing":[986],"groomed":[988],"inherit":[990],"heartlands,":[993],"empire":[997],"itself,":[998],"whereas":[999],"Pippin":[1000],"brother":[1003],"became":[1005],"kings":[1006],"newly":[1009],"created":[1010],"sub-kingdoms":[1011],"Italy":[1013],"Aquitaine,":[1015,1018,1259],"respectively.":[1016],"3For":[1017],"situated":[1019],"south-west":[1022],"Francia,":[1024],"appeased":[1029],"locals":[1031],"remained":[1035,1086],"resentful":[1036],"conquest":[1039],"768,":[1041],"while":[1042],"simultaneously":[1044],"ensured":[1045],"defence":[1047],"area":[1050],"entourage":[1054],"consisting":[1055],"elite":[1061],"accompany":[1062],"son,":[1064],"aristocrats":[1065],"charged":[1068],"keeping":[1070],"new":[1072],"kingdom":[1073],"borders":[1076],"control.":[1078],"Louis,":[1081,1158],"shadow":[1090],"father,":[1093],"although":[1094],"hardly":[1097],"able":[1099],"directly":[1102],"tutelage.Louis,":[1106],"old,":[1111],"fend":[1115],"himself":[1117],"when":[1118,1167],"came":[1120,1138],"acquiring":[1122],"direct":[1123],"experience":[1124],"business":[1127],"ruling,":[1129],"surrounded":[1130],"courtiers":[1134],"gradually":[1137],"into":[1139,1192],"own.":[1141],"5Although":[1142],"assumed":[1147],"end":[1152],"line":[1155],"young":[1157],"fate":[1159],"decided":[1160],"differently.":[1161],"6Thirty":[1162],"later,":[1164],"811,":[1166],"Saxon":[1171,1181],"Wars":[1172],"impact":[1175],"discourse,":[1178],"Flierman,":[1180],"Identities,":[1182],"pp.89-117;":[1183],"Rembold,":[1184],"Conquest":[1185],"Christianization,":[1187],"pp.39-84.On":[1188],"latter":[1190],"expedition":[1191],"Iberia":[1193],"represented":[1198],"contemporary":[1200],"sources,":[1201],"Wolff,":[1203],"'L'Aquitaine":[1204],"ses":[1206],"marges":[1207],"',":[1208],"pp.22-26;":[1209],"as,":[1212],"generally,":[1214],"Chandler,":[1215],"'Carolingian":[1216],"Catalonia'.":[1217],"As":[1219],"told":[1220],"ARF,":[1223],"a.":[1224],"781,":[1225],"pp.56-57.3":[1226],"Kasten,":[1227],"K\u00f6nigss\u00f6hne,":[1228],"pp.138-141":[1229],"157;":[1232],"Hammer,":[1233],"'Christmas":[1234],"Day":[1235],"800';":[1236],"Innes,":[1237],"'Charlemagne's":[1238],"Will';":[1239],"Jarnut,":[1240],"'Chlodwig":[1241],"und":[1242],"Chlothar',":[1243],"pp.646-649,":[1244],"suggest":[1245],"Louis'":[1247],"name":[1248],"chosen":[1251],"view":[1254],"given":[1260],"served":[1263],"reminder":[1266],"Clovis,":[1268],"first":[1270],"conqueror":[1272],"region.4":[1275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}