{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232267489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","title":"Productivity Ratios","display_name":"Productivity Ratios","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232267489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534810","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Management","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Management","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233685359","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Management"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077782644","display_name":"Nigel Slack","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Slack","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077782644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.426800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.426800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.40939998626708984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.09309999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-ratio","display_name":"productivity ratio","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity","display_name":"total factor productivity","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-measurement","display_name":"productivity measurement","score":0.921999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.8119749426841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7914155125617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4490163028240204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41481274366378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3740115761756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3436146378517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.34158122539520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21265405416488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1210569441318512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom100165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534810","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Management","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Management","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247224398","https://openalex.org/W4252351085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188716039","https://openalex.org/W2047225594","https://openalex.org/W3005282856","https://openalex.org/W4230982834","https://openalex.org/W117409599","https://openalex.org/W2909013583","https://openalex.org/W4416089795","https://openalex.org/W4390761044","https://openalex.org/W3041354458","https://openalex.org/W7072883663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"definition":[2],"of":[3,16],"productivity":[4,14],"as":[5],"a":[6],"ratio":[7],"is":[8],"conceptually":[9],"straightforward;":[10],"the":[11,23],"total":[12],"factor":[13],"(TFP)":[15],"an":[17],"operation":[18],"can":[19],"be":[20],"described":[21],"by":[22],"equation.":[24]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}