{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232000797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","title":"Classification of Cervical Cancer Cells using FTIR Data","display_name":"Classification of Cervical Cancer Cells using FTIR Data","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232000797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217943","display_name":"Conference proceedings","issn_l":"1557-170X","issn":["1557-170X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029760727","display_name":"Erick Njoroge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick Njoroge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Digital Signal Processing Research, King''s College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Digital Signal Processing Research, King''s College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081545169","display_name":"Stephen R. Alty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4163-8057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4163-8057"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen R. Alty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Digital Signal Processing Research, King''s College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Digital Signal Processing Research, King''s College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112763557","display_name":"Mahbub R. Gani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahbub R. Gani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Digital Signal Processing Research, King''s College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Digital Signal Processing Research, King''s College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113533371","display_name":"Maha Alkatib","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha Alkatib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Georges Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Georges Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89322034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-cancer","display_name":"cervical cancer","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ftir-spectroscopy","display_name":"FTIR spectroscopy","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pap-test","display_name":"Pap smear","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colposcopy","display_name":"colposcopy","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-negative-rate","display_name":"false negative rate","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.6335610151290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160105","display_name":"Cervical cancer","level":3,"score":0.5573232769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5004503726959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.37385374307632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2069765329360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15287941694259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1480828821659088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12220090627670288}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217943","display_name":"Conference proceedings","issn_l":"1557-170X","issn":["1557-170X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135899786","https://openalex.org/W2354101585","https://openalex.org/W2077208867","https://openalex.org/W1998549741","https://openalex.org/W2122698637","https://openalex.org/W1979384629","https://openalex.org/W2465444495","https://openalex.org/W2103086716","https://openalex.org/W4388990324","https://openalex.org/W3001799932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"false-negative":[1],"rates":[2],"of":[3,13,33,54,62,67,86,95,109,119,128],"the":[4,11,18,44,48,60,63,80,93,97,102,107,110],"Papanicolauo":[5],"(so-called":[6],"'Pap')":[7],"smear":[8,99],"test":[9,92,114],"and":[10,52,77,101],"shortage":[12],"colposcopists":[14],"have":[15],"led":[16],"to":[17,20,42,75,91],"desire":[19],"find":[21],"alternative":[22],"non-expert":[23],"(automated)":[24],"approaches":[25],"for":[26,31,46],"accurately":[27],"testing":[28],"cervical":[29],"smears":[30],"signs":[32],"cancer.":[34],"Fourier-Transform":[35],"Infra-Red":[36],"(FTIR)":[37],"spectroscopy":[38],"has":[39],"been":[40],"shown":[41],"offer":[43],"potential":[45],"improving":[47],"accuracy":[49],"(i.e.":[50],"sensitivity":[51],"specificity)":[53],"these":[55],"tests.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"details":[59],"application":[61],"machine":[64],"learning":[65],"methodology":[66],"Support":[68],"Vector":[69],"Machines":[70],"(SVM)":[71],"using":[72],"FTIR":[73,103],"data":[74],"enhance":[76],"improve":[78],"upon":[79],"standard":[81],"Pap":[82,98,113],"test.":[83],"A":[84],"cohort":[85],"53":[87],"subjects":[88],"was":[89],"used":[90],"veracity":[94],"both":[96],"results":[100],"based":[104],"classifier":[105],"against":[106],"findings":[108],"colposcopists.":[111],"The":[112],"achieved":[115,125],"an":[116],"overall":[117],"classification":[118],"43":[120],"%,":[121],"whereas":[122],"our":[123],"method":[124],"a":[126],"rate":[127],"72%":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}