{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4231982982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1410066","title":"Study Of Carbon Aerogel Electrode Material For Capacitive Deionization: Final Report CRADA No. TC-1509-97","display_name":"Study Of Carbon Aerogel Electrode Material For Capacitive Deionization: Final Report CRADA No. TC-1509-97","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4231982982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1410066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/1410066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1410066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1410066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410066","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147775888","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089463596","display_name":"Tri Tran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tri Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148084694","display_name":"USDOE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"USDOE","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148101781","display_name":"Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA; (United States)","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA \r\n(United States)","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114045156","display_name":"John Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-9504"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12074","display_name":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12074","display_name":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12008","display_name":"Solar-Powered Water Purification Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-deionization","display_name":"capacitive deionization","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desalination","display_name":"desalination","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorado-river-water","display_name":"Colorado River water","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"municipal wastewater treatment","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrosorption","display_name":"electrosorption","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-surface-area-carbon","display_name":"high surface area carbon","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-reuse","display_name":"water reuse","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-performance-evaluation","display_name":"field performance evaluation","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780987889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560785","display_name":"Capacitive deionization","level":4,"score":0.9453730583190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5581738948822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780012831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381490","display_name":"Aerogel","level":2,"score":0.528978705406189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5204179883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.5048361420631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.44592535495758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147455438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057706","display_name":"Effluent","level":2,"score":0.44460880756378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.3990743160247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32145169377326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18154898285865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13062217831611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08199191093444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/1410066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1410066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1410066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1410066","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1410066","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1410066","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1410066","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.571399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4231982982.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4231982982.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893693204","https://openalex.org/W2072240549","https://openalex.org/W2756366134","https://openalex.org/W2195971153","https://openalex.org/W2941741850","https://openalex.org/W4308866134","https://openalex.org/W3138560889","https://openalex.org/W4321435437","https://openalex.org/W1565724328","https://openalex.org/W4403962633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"project":[1],"was":[2,42],"a":[3,88,116,140,144,192],"collaborative":[4],"effort":[5],"between":[6],"the":[7,24,53,66,81,159,196],"University":[8],"of":[9,28,46,115,121,154,162,166,174,178],"California,":[10],"Lawrence":[11],"Livermore":[12],"National":[13],"Laboratory":[14],"(LLNL),":[15],"and":[16,26,62,99,102,106,143,204],"Orange":[17,82],"County":[18,83],"Water":[19,55,68,84,215],"District":[20,56,85,216],"(OCWD)":[21,86],"to":[22,44,80,171,194],"study":[23],"efficiency":[25],"performance":[27],"new":[29],"carbon":[30,125,156],"aerogel":[31,126],"electrode":[32],"materials":[33],"for":[34,87],"Capacitive":[35],"Deionization":[36],"Technology":[37],"(CDT).":[38],"The":[39,92],"CDT":[40],"process":[41],"applied":[43],"treatment":[45,60],"(desalination":[47],"of)":[48],"Colorado":[49],"River":[50],"water":[51,105,208],"from":[52,65],"Metropolitan":[54,214],"(MWD)":[57],"La":[58,217],"Verne":[59],"plant,":[61],"municipal":[63],"wastewater":[64],"OCWD":[67],"Factory":[69],"21":[70],"reclamation":[71],"facility.":[72,219],"LLNL":[73,118],"delivered":[74],"two":[75,135,138],"capacitive":[76],"deionization":[77,173,198],"(CDT)":[78],"systems":[79,93,201],"joint":[89],"field/laboratory":[90],"evaluation.":[91],"were":[94,189,202],"fully":[95],"equipped":[96],"with":[97,128,158,206],"testing":[98],"control":[100],"equipment":[101,133],"require":[103],"only":[104],"power":[107,141],"hookups.":[108],"Each":[109,148],"includes":[110],"one":[111],"150-cell":[112],"electrochemical":[113],"stack":[114,149],"standard":[117],"design,":[119],"consisting":[120],"4-inch":[122],"x":[123],"8-inch":[124],"electrodes":[127],"titanium":[129],"current":[130],"collectors.":[131],"Supporting":[132],"include":[134],"conductivity":[136],"meters,":[137],"multimeters,":[139],"supply":[142],"chart":[145],"recorder/":[146],"plotter.":[147],"contains":[150],"about":[151],"600":[152],"g":[153,165],"high-surface-area":[155],"aerogels":[157],"electrosorption":[160],"capacity":[161],"approximately":[163,175],"3.5":[164],"TDS":[167],"per":[168,181],"cycle":[169],"(equivalent":[170],"complete":[172],"7":[176],"liter":[177],"500-ppm":[179],"CRW":[180],"purification":[182],"cycle).":[183],"In":[184],"addition,":[185],"four":[186],"more":[187],"stacks":[188],"added":[190],"(as":[191],"loan)":[193],"increase":[195],"total":[197],"capacity.":[199],"All":[200],"evaluated":[203],"calibrated":[205],"saline":[207],"(Colorado":[209],"river":[210],"water)":[211],"provided":[212],"by":[213],"Vern":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
