{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4231777657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.4000090307","title":"Direct marketing and the use of individual-level consumer information: Determining how and when \u201cprivacy\u201d matters","display_name":"Direct marketing and the use of individual-level consumer information: Determining how and when \u201cprivacy\u201d matters","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4231777657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.4000090307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/dir.4000090307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.4000090307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.4000090307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82491246","display_name":"Journal of Direct Marketing","issn_l":"0892-0591","issn":["0892-0591","1522-7138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Direct Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001098032","display_name":"Glen J. Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9153-2189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9153-2189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glen J. Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070662243","display_name":"Joseph E. Phelps","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Phelps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor in the Advertising and Public Relations Department at the University of Alabama. University of Wisconsin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor in the Advertising and Public Relations Department at the University of Alabama. University of Wisconsin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9563218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"46","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-marketing","display_name":"direct marketing","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-privacy","display_name":"consumer privacy","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-database","display_name":"computerized database","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-concerns","display_name":"privacy concerns","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781310500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231428","display_name":"Persuasion","level":2,"score":0.6870841979980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778656907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164712","display_name":"Consumer privacy","level":3,"score":0.6759772896766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6676563620567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5730975270271301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4898235499858856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992496598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2350449","display_name":"Marketing communication","level":2,"score":0.4620790481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536005652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677073","display_name":"Direct marketing","level":2,"score":0.45327651500701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4499633014202118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.41470834612846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.39180994033813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.35981306433677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15636423230171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12225797772407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/dir.4000090307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.4000090307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.4000090307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82491246","display_name":"Journal of Direct Marketing","issn_l":"0892-0591","issn":["0892-0591","1522-7138"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Direct Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W248849096","https://openalex.org/W1496800695","https://openalex.org/W1970731637","https://openalex.org/W2029698446","https://openalex.org/W2050412482","https://openalex.org/W2070724054","https://openalex.org/W2071581457","https://openalex.org/W2072933173","https://openalex.org/W2123040608","https://openalex.org/W2123835098","https://openalex.org/W2283617651","https://openalex.org/W2490491947","https://openalex.org/W2791963629","https://openalex.org/W2908604349","https://openalex.org/W2908693035","https://openalex.org/W2910360072","https://openalex.org/W2910963103","https://openalex.org/W2911209813","https://openalex.org/W4301382893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071581457","https://openalex.org/W2021354702","https://openalex.org/W1494904723","https://openalex.org/W2013646055","https://openalex.org/W1970731637","https://openalex.org/W2793430445","https://openalex.org/W2800873590","https://openalex.org/W2074749367","https://openalex.org/W1518897741","https://openalex.org/W2092419939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29],"desire":[1],"to":[2,40,61,68,147],"maximize":[3],"marketing":[4,35],"effectiveness":[5],"and":[6,20,26,43,113,120,140],"reduce":[7],"communication":[8],"costs":[9],"has":[10,51,76],"increased":[11],"direct":[12,96,121],"marketers\u2019":[13,122],"reliance":[14],"on":[15],"computerized":[16],"databases,":[17],"customized":[18],"persuasion,":[19],"other":[21],"consumer":[22,47,99,123,144,152],"information":[23,48,124],"intensive":[24],"strategies":[25,139],"tactics":[27,141],"(28,54).":[28],"belief":[30],"that":[31,93],"the":[32,41,73,106,110,115,148],"success":[33],"of":[34,45,109,150],"efforts":[36],"is":[37],"positively":[38],"related":[39,146],"amount":[42],"specificity":[44],"individual-level":[46,151],"(7),":[49],"however,":[50],"raised":[52],"questions":[53],"about":[54,65],"how":[55],"far":[56],"companies":[57],"should":[58],"be":[59],"allowed":[60],"go":[62],"in":[63],"learning":[64],"or":[66],"attempting":[67],"persuade":[69],"consumers":[70],"(6,40).":[71],"In":[72],"process,":[74],"privacy":[75,91,111,134],"become":[77],"widely":[78],"evoked,":[79],"but":[80,136],"often":[81],"elusive":[82],"concept.":[83],"This":[84,126],"article":[85],"develops":[86],"a":[87],"framework":[88],"for":[89,142],"addressing":[90],"concerns":[92,145],"arise":[94],"when":[95,133],"marketers":[97],"utilize":[98],"information.":[100,153],"It":[101],"does":[102],"so":[103],"by":[104],"identifying":[105],"underlying":[107],"dimensions":[108,119],"construct":[112],"examining":[114],"relationships":[116],"between":[117],"those":[118],"practices.":[125],"approach":[127],"not":[128],"only":[129],"helps":[130],"identify":[131],"situations":[132],"matters,":[135],"suggests":[137],"productive":[138],"alleviating":[143],"use":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}