{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230191515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","title":"Spread of stimulating current in the cortical grey matter of rat visual cortex studied on a new in vitro slice preparation","display_name":"Spread of stimulating current in the cortical grey matter of rat visual cortex studied on a new in vitro slice preparation","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230191515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","mag":"2137357056","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8872891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165027096000659/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132751470","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","issn_l":"0165-0270","issn":["0165-0270","1872-678X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165027096000659/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006857332","display_name":"Lionel G. Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-5632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-5632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel G. Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM Unit\u00e9 371, \u2018Cerveau et Vision\u2019, 18, avenue du Doyen L\u00e9pine, 69500 Bron, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 371, \u2018Cerveau et Vision\u2019, 18, avenue du Doyen L\u00e9pine, 69500 Bron, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jean Bullier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean Bullier","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM Unit\u00e9 371, \u2018Cerveau et Vision\u2019, 18, avenue du Doyen L\u00e9pine, 69500 Bron, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM Unit\u00e9 371, \u2018Cerveau et Vision\u2019, 18, avenue du Doyen L\u00e9pine, 69500 Bron, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"fwci":0.7506,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68103096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"237","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"extracellular electrical stimulation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-spread","display_name":"current spread","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"visual cortex","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-gray-matter","display_name":"cortical gray matter","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axonal-conduction-velocity","display_name":"axonal conduction velocity","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axon-initial-segment","display_name":"axon initial segment","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axonal-branching","display_name":"axon branching","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro-slice-preparation","display_name":"in vitro slice preparation","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halothane-anesthesia","display_name":"halothane anesthesia","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.5928245186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5909684896469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.5387699604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5103251338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.4806714951992035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.442042738199234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43818360567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.4010237455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35982996225357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.3523806929588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.32386189699172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22445380687713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2236306369304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21155932545661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1738603115081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09608408808708191}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005110","descriptor_name":"Extracellular Space","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017208","descriptor_name":"Rats, Wistar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165027096000659/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132751470","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","issn_l":"0165-0270","issn":["0165-0270","1872-678X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00065-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00065-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00065-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132751470","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","issn_l":"0165-0270","issn":["0165-0270","1872-678X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8872891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8872891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neuroscience methods","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2137357056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8872891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(96)00065-9","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165027096000659/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132751470","display_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","issn_l":"0165-0270","issn":["0165-0270","1872-678X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321733","display_name":"Fondation Fyssen","ror":"https://ror.org/05ebnp485"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4230191515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4230191515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190973185","https://openalex.org/W209315829","https://openalex.org/W602495608","https://openalex.org/W1471128670","https://openalex.org/W1481189295","https://openalex.org/W1554445992","https://openalex.org/W1560129441","https://openalex.org/W1586783534","https://openalex.org/W1842913010","https://openalex.org/W1852779649","https://openalex.org/W1877020112","https://openalex.org/W1966722516","https://openalex.org/W1973406593","https://openalex.org/W1975840425","https://openalex.org/W1979139698","https://openalex.org/W1979406476","https://openalex.org/W1980723823","https://openalex.org/W1981480097","https://openalex.org/W1984689821","https://openalex.org/W1985303976","https://openalex.org/W1985808169","https://openalex.org/W1987110099","https://openalex.org/W1992026104","https://openalex.org/W1995194777","https://openalex.org/W1997023192","https://openalex.org/W1997568797","https://openalex.org/W1998217227","https://openalex.org/W1999700760","https://openalex.org/W2001648217","https://openalex.org/W2004634409","https://openalex.org/W2006681786","https://openalex.org/W2009483745","https://openalex.org/W2010633291","https://openalex.org/W2011730793","https://openalex.org/W2015584838","https://openalex.org/W2016759315","https://openalex.org/W2017779557","https://openalex.org/W2022518952","https://openalex.org/W2022752968","https://openalex.org/W2024869047","https://openalex.org/W2024945446","https://openalex.org/W2025379642","https://openalex.org/W2028803857","https://openalex.org/W2032665701","https://openalex.org/W2033629976","https://openalex.org/W2035108601","https://openalex.org/W2042529295","https://openalex.org/W2042550512","https://openalex.org/W2051101627","https://openalex.org/W2052139275","https://openalex.org/W2052857596","https://openalex.org/W2053267169","https://openalex.org/W2053936471","https://openalex.org/W2068147451","https://openalex.org/W2069649070","https://openalex.org/W2069843092","https://openalex.org/W2073827233","https://openalex.org/W2073883806","https://openalex.org/W2078143043","https://openalex.org/W2080656191","https://openalex.org/W2086032754","https://openalex.org/W2088209389","https://openalex.org/W2096519870","https://openalex.org/W2104592058","https://openalex.org/W2118156992","https://openalex.org/W2119055212","https://openalex.org/W2124624240","https://openalex.org/W2131785813","https://openalex.org/W2131921751","https://openalex.org/W2133571271","https://openalex.org/W2135389271","https://openalex.org/W2148950496","https://openalex.org/W2150196763","https://openalex.org/W2153080549","https://openalex.org/W2157243824","https://openalex.org/W2158251853","https://openalex.org/W2158669853","https://openalex.org/W2167319821","https://openalex.org/W2176670145","https://openalex.org/W2180099676","https://openalex.org/W2316795656","https://openalex.org/W2395625519","https://openalex.org/W2434571418","https://openalex.org/W3022962281","https://openalex.org/W4214868137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099983270","https://openalex.org/W2151192777","https://openalex.org/W2051101627","https://openalex.org/W2183760535","https://openalex.org/W2066456183","https://openalex.org/W2050178724","https://openalex.org/W2071036228","https://openalex.org/W1998003933","https://openalex.org/W2052819534","https://openalex.org/W2517059346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracellular":[0],"electrical":[1],"stimulation":[2,20],"of":[3,18,32,35,50,59,61,69,93,101,105,118,138,145,153,159,187,200],"the":[4,16,19,30,33,51,62,67,76,85,90,116,132,136,143,146,151,154,160],"cortical":[5],"grey":[6],"matter":[7],"is":[8,171,190],"very":[9],"often":[10],"used":[11,74],"in":[12,38,46,194],"electrophysiological":[13],"studies,":[14],"but":[15],"parameters":[17],"itself":[21],"have":[22],"received":[23],"only":[24],"little":[25],"attention.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"addresses":[29],"issue":[31],"spread":[34,104],"stimulating":[36,106,155],"current":[37,107,134,211],"rat":[39],"visual":[40],"areas":[41],"17":[42],"and":[43,78,95,97,166,203],"18a":[44],"maintained":[45],"vitro.":[47],"The":[48,103,120,157,197],"preparation":[49],"slices":[52],"relied":[53],"on":[54],"a":[55,127,209],"protocol":[56],"making":[57],"use":[58],"several":[60],"means":[63],"known":[64],"to":[65,83,88,98,177,192],"limit":[66],"effects":[68],"ischaemia:":[70],"Halothane":[71],"anaesthesia":[72],"was":[73,81],"during":[75],"surgery":[77],"intracardiac":[79],"perfusion":[80],"employed":[82],"reduce":[84],"brain":[86],"temperature,":[87],"increase":[89],"intracerebral":[91],"concentration":[92],"glucose":[94],"magnesium":[96],"decrease":[99],"that":[100,131],"calcium.":[102],"has":[108,213],"been":[109,214],"determined":[110],"from":[111,150,174,216],"strength-distance":[112,121],"relationships":[113],"established":[114],"for":[115,135],"activation":[117,137],"axons.":[119],"curves":[122],"could":[123],"be":[124],"fitted":[125],"by":[126,208],"quadratic":[128],"relationship,":[129],"indicating":[130],"threshold":[133,164],"an":[139],"axon":[140,176,204],"increases":[141],"as":[142],"square":[144],"distance":[147,168],"separating":[148],"it":[149],"tip":[152],"electrode.":[156],"slope":[158],"regression":[161],"line":[162],"between":[163],"intensity":[165,212],"squared":[167],"(k":[169],"coefficient)":[170],"highly":[172],"variable":[173],"one":[175],"another":[178],"(range":[179],"2100-27":[180],"500":[181],"microA/mm2,":[182],"median":[183],"8850":[184],"microA/mm2).":[185],"Part":[186],"this":[188],"variability":[189],"related":[191],"differences":[193],"conduction":[195],"velocity.":[196],"theoretical":[198],"number":[199],"axonal":[201],"branches":[202],"initial":[205],"segments":[206],"activated":[207],"given":[210],"extrapolated":[215],"these":[217],"experimental":[218],"results.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}