{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230124740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","title":"Reply","display_name":"Reply","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230124740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898355115","display_name":"QRB - Quality Review Bulletin","issn_l":"0097-5990","issn":["0097-5990","2589-3688"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"QRB - Quality Review Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108419620","display_name":"Hans Anton Lehr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Lehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conifer Park, Scotia, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conifer Park, Scotia, New York","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006734018","display_name":"Martin A. Strosberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177328695","display_name":"Union College","ror":"https://ror.org/058w5nk68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Strosberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Health Administration, Union College, Schenectady, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Health Administration, Union College, Schenectady, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"43","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.6898999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.6898999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-benefits","display_name":"public health benefits","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-medicines","display_name":"new medicines","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-approval","display_name":"drug approval","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-economics","display_name":"drug economics","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-endpoints","display_name":"surrogate endpoints","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-system-impact","display_name":"health care system impact","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-health-policy","display_name":"French health policy","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-effectiveness","display_name":"comparative effectiveness","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-technology-assessment","display_name":"health technology assessment","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-health","display_name":"population health","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779703844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760125","display_name":"Reimbursement","level":3,"score":0.772124171257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7588496804237366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770899","display_name":"Marketing authorization","level":2,"score":0.6994152069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2571972","display_name":"Decree","level":2,"score":0.6219233274459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5490850806236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.5233656167984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46970412135124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4565616846084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4395361542701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2279149293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20760586857795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.1835150420665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.12376803159713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10336175560951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09961730241775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0097-5990(92)18098-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898355115","display_name":"QRB - Quality Review Bulletin","issn_l":"0097-5990","issn":["0097-5990","2589-3688"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"QRB - Quality Review Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137653181","https://openalex.org/W2095111692","https://openalex.org/W2995456029","https://openalex.org/W4235302462","https://openalex.org/W2082948323","https://openalex.org/W2113987058","https://openalex.org/W2029013007","https://openalex.org/W2076727476","https://openalex.org/W2906391168","https://openalex.org/W2470407103"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}