{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229976996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3480783","title":"The One and the Many: Adjudication in Collegial Courts","display_name":"The One and the Many: Adjudication in Collegial Courts","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229976996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3480783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3480783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3480783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3480783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172107878","display_name":"California Law Review","issn_l":"0008-1221","issn":["0008-1221","1942-6542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316106","host_organization_name":"UC Berkeley School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316106","https://openalex.org/P4310316198"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UC Berkeley School of Law","University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38c43k","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005476483","display_name":"Lewis A. Kornhauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-1492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-1492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177881444","display_name":"Pomona College","ror":"https://ror.org/0074grg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewis A. Kornhauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University","Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. A.B. 1963, Pomona College; LL.B. 1966,","Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. J.D. 1976, Boalt Hall School of Law, Ph.D. 190, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. A.B. 1963, Pomona College; LL.B. 1966,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177881444","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. J.D. 1976, Boalt Hall School of Law, Ph.D. 190, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060492702","display_name":"Lawrence Gene Sager","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177881444","display_name":"Pomona College","ror":"https://ror.org/0074grg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence G. Sager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University","Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. A.B. 1963, Pomona College; LL.B. 1966,","Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. J.D. 1976, Boalt Hall School of Law, Ph.D. 190, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. A.B. 1963, Pomona College; LL.B. 1966,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177881444","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. J.D. 1976, Boalt Hall School of Law, Ph.D. 190, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":324,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98643826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.5371000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.5371000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.3822999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doctrinal-paradox","display_name":"doctrinal paradox","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collegial-courts","display_name":"collegial courts","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-decision-making","display_name":"judicial decision-making","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting-protocols","display_name":"voting protocols","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-deliberation","display_name":"judicial deliberation","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204434341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357789","display_name":"Adjudication","level":2,"score":0.9621952772140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43490540981292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4307440221309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.40765440464019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1992177665233612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3480783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3480783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3480783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172107878","display_name":"California Law Review","issn_l":"0008-1221","issn":["0008-1221","1942-6542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316106","host_organization_name":"UC Berkeley School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316106","https://openalex.org/P4310316198"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UC Berkeley School of Law","University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"California Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gretchen.law.nyu.edu:fac-articles-1720","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gretchen.law.nyu.edu/fac-articles/721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:californialawreview-1754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol81/iss1/1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"California Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.15779/z38c43k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38c43k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38c43k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15779/z38c43k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38c43k","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38c43k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6207000017166138,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W197335132","https://openalex.org/W2768342062","https://openalex.org/W2755501480","https://openalex.org/W3124194689","https://openalex.org/W4413363261","https://openalex.org/W2262354352","https://openalex.org/W7003840901","https://openalex.org/W490879","https://openalex.org/W830487956","https://openalex.org/W80579668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,81],"Article":[1],"explores":[2],"a":[3,27,160,165,169],"problem":[4],"that":[5,110,142,150],"may":[6,25],"occur":[7],"in":[8,11,32],"appellate":[9,120],"cases":[10,87],"which":[12],"two":[13,35,72],"or":[14,53,180],"more":[15,185],"issues":[16,65,189],"present":[17],"themselves.":[18],"In":[19],"these":[20],"problematic":[21],"cases,":[22],"the":[23,40,47,50,56,64,69,113,128,137,151,178,188,195,198,201],"court":[24,166],"reach":[26],"decision":[28,141],"as":[29,45,122,176],"to":[30,46,78,90,190],"outcome":[31,48,179],"one":[33],"of":[34,42,49,58,63,74,102,112,139,164,197,200],"ways,":[36],"either":[37],"by":[38,54,98],"summing":[39,55],"votes":[41,57],"individual":[43,59],"judges":[44,60],"case":[51,140],"overall,":[52],"on":[61,93],"each":[62],"and":[66,107,134,147,206],"then":[67],"combining":[68],"results.":[70,80],"The":[71],"methods":[73,115,158],"decisionmaking":[75],"can":[76],"lead":[77],"different":[79],"\"doctrinal":[82],"paradox\"":[83],"is":[84,116,159],"unfortunate":[85],"because":[86],"are":[88,184,193],"supposed":[89],"be":[91,191],"decided":[92,192],"their":[94],"merits":[95],"rather":[96],"than":[97],"an":[99],"unconsidered":[100],"choice":[101],"voting":[103,167],"protocoL":[104],"Professors":[105,145],"Kornhauser":[106,146],"Sager":[108,148],"argue":[109],"neither":[111],"decisional":[114,157],"always":[117],"superior.":[118],"Rather,":[119],"courts,":[121],"\"collegial":[123],"enterprises,\"":[124],"should":[125],"directly":[126],"confront":[127],"doctrinal":[129],"paradox":[130],"when":[131],"it":[132,183],"arises":[133],"deliberately":[135],"determine":[136],"method":[138,153,171],"will":[143],"control":[144],"suggest":[149],"best":[152],"for":[154,168,182],"choosing":[155],"between":[156],"\"metavote,\"":[161],"with":[162],"members":[163],"particular":[170],"after":[172],"discussing":[173],"such":[174],"factors":[175],"whether":[177,187],"rationales":[181],"important,":[186],"independent,":[194],"seriousness":[196],"consequences":[199],"outcome,":[202],"hierarchical":[203],"management":[204,208],"concerns,":[205],"internal":[207],"considerations.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}
