{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229665387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960950-8","title":"Introduction: market reforms and educational opportunity in China: Emily Hannum, Albert Park, and Kai-ming Cheng","display_name":"Introduction: market reforms and educational opportunity in China: Emily Hannum, Albert Park, and Kai-ming Cheng","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229665387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960950-8","mag":"2589490569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203960950-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960950-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960950-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Reform in China","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1569619517","display_name":"Education and Reform in China"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033541541","display_name":"Albert Francis Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-3297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-3297","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3323-120X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"EMILY HANNUM, ALBERT PARK, AND KAI-MING CHENG","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033541541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.3468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99081419,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"20","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.44119998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.44119998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.19840000569820404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.10239999741315842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-reforms","display_name":"market reforms","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-opportunities","display_name":"educational opportunities","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mobility","display_name":"social mobility","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-funding","display_name":"school finance","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-quality","display_name":"educational quality","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-education","display_name":"returns to education","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-disparities","display_name":"urban-rural disparities","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market","display_name":"labor market","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-and-economic-development","display_name":"education and economic development","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7203353643417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.41348108649253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37738651037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3544326424598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3035926818847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18845421075820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.16073185205459595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203960950-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960950-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203960950-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Reform in China","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-50031","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-50031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-50031","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-50031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"mag:2589490569","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-50031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250562120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2589490569","https://openalex.org/W7027932091","https://openalex.org/W6992008188","https://openalex.org/W2159104279","https://openalex.org/W1561845489","https://openalex.org/W3129202383","https://openalex.org/W2580784358","https://openalex.org/W67654213","https://openalex.org/W818443743","https://openalex.org/W2924523171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"China,":[1],"market":[2,161,166],"reforms":[3,162],"dating":[4],"from":[5],"the":[6,46,53,59,81,86,92,95,97,158,170],"late":[7],"1970s":[8],"have":[9],"brought":[10],"dramatic":[11],"if":[12],"uneven":[13],"improvements":[14],"in":[15,22,38,76,102,148],"living":[16],"standards,":[17],"along":[18],"with":[19],"fundamental":[20],"changes":[21,74],"class":[23],"structure":[24],"and":[25,79,85,105,112,125,133,140,154],"unprecedented":[26],"economic":[27,65,87,124],"inequality.":[28],"The":[29],"school":[30,149],"system,":[31],"a":[32,69,164],"key":[33],"vehicle":[34],"for":[35,137],"social":[36],"mobility":[37],"any":[39],"modern":[40],"society,":[41],"has":[42],"changed":[43],"radically":[44],"during":[45],"same":[47,159],"period.":[48],"Under":[49],"China\u2019s":[50],"reform":[51],"process,":[52],"question":[54],"of":[55,83,89,94,123],"how":[56],"to":[57,62],"restructure":[58],"educational":[60,77,98,126],"system":[61,99],"sustain":[63],"rapid":[64],"development":[66],"emerged":[67],"as":[68],"signi\ufb01cant":[70],"policy":[71,127],"focus.":[72],"Major":[73],"occurred":[75],"provision":[78],"access,":[80],"quality":[82],"schooling,":[84],"consequences":[88],"schooling.":[90],"By":[91],"turn":[93],"century,":[96],"had":[100,108],"diversi\ufb01ed":[101],"structure,":[103],"\ufb01nance,":[104],"content;":[106],"it":[107,113],"become":[109],"more":[110],"marketized;":[111],"was":[114],"serving":[115],"an":[116],"increasingly":[117,168],"disparate":[118],"student":[119],"body.":[120],"A":[121],"combination":[122],"choices":[128,144],"ultimately":[129],"expanded":[130],"overall":[131],"access":[132],"created":[134,163],"new":[135],"space":[136],"local":[138],"curricular":[139],"\ufb01nancial":[141],"innovations.":[142],"These":[143],"also":[145],"exacerbated":[146],"disparities":[147],"resources":[150],"across":[151],"urban-rural,":[152],"regional,":[153],"socio-economic":[155],"lines.":[156],"At":[157],"time,":[160],"labor":[165],"that":[167],"rewarded":[169],"highly":[171],"educated.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}