{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229455947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","title":"Improving the Antioxidant Activity and Flavor of Faba (Vicia faba L.) Leaves by Domestic Cooking Methods","display_name":"Improving the Antioxidant Activity and Flavor of Faba (Vicia faba L.) Leaves by Domestic Cooking Methods","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229455947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35624795","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9137704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/antiox11050931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/5/931/pdf?version=1652355776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737566431","display_name":"Antioxidants","issn_l":"2076-3921","issn":["2076-3921"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/5/931/pdf?version=1652355776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046192597","display_name":"Shucheng Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-302X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-302X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shucheng Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-302X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072550979","display_name":"Soon\u2010Jae Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-6827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-6827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155671955","display_name":"Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb4fs50","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155671955","https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon-Jae Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-6827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155671955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040040483","display_name":"Chan Saem Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan Saem Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034873769","display_name":"Seok Hyun Eom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-926X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-926X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seok Hyun Eom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Farm Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034873769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"fwci":1.085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71270507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"931","last_page":"931"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.02979999966919422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12403","display_name":"Seed and Plant Biochemistry","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vicia-faba","display_name":"Vicia faba","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-methods","display_name":"cooking methods","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-cooking","display_name":"microwave cooking","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steaming","display_name":"steaming","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roasting","display_name":"roasting","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boiling","display_name":"boiling","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-dopa","display_name":"L-DOPA","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatile-organic-compounds","display_name":"volatile organic compounds","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavor","display_name":"flavor","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaempferol","display_name":"kaempferol","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonols","display_name":"flavonols","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-xylene","display_name":"p-xylene","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dpph-radical-scavenging-activity","display_name":"DPPH radical scavenging","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abts-assay","display_name":"ABTS radical scavenging","score":0.996999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779023244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415859","display_name":"Steaming","level":2,"score":0.9309729337692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8865995407104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140327455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228460","display_name":"Roasting","level":2,"score":0.7920098304748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.7510067224502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992233211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131342","display_name":"Vicia faba","level":2,"score":0.7361044883728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.7243130207061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4173974","display_name":"Flavor","level":2,"score":0.632166862487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.6265047192573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781031786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287582","display_name":"ABTS","level":4,"score":0.5533499717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779106036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629666","display_name":"Flavonols","level":4,"score":0.4608909487724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.25905078649520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.24933317303657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779054382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287","display_name":"Flavonoid","level":3,"score":0.17994165420532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06896644830703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/antiox11050931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/5/931/pdf?version=1652355776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737566431","display_name":"Antioxidants","issn_l":"2076-3921","issn":["2076-3921"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35624795","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35624795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9137704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9137704/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6a462628a2a452aaded1336b0183710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6a462628a2a452aaded1336b0183710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 931 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/antiox11050931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050931","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/5/931/pdf?version=1652355776","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737566431","display_name":"Antioxidants","issn_l":"2076-3921","issn":["2076-3921"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antioxidants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G42330476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1A2C100769511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322115","display_name":"Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb4fs50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229455947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229455947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178625501","https://openalex.org/W222351419","https://openalex.org/W1587946997","https://openalex.org/W1784415836","https://openalex.org/W1969866067","https://openalex.org/W2014530817","https://openalex.org/W2021800422","https://openalex.org/W2038265605","https://openalex.org/W2057747039","https://openalex.org/W2067670322","https://openalex.org/W2081002649","https://openalex.org/W2085685120","https://openalex.org/W2087777424","https://openalex.org/W2103296755","https://openalex.org/W2108987591","https://openalex.org/W2168056739","https://openalex.org/W2216765039","https://openalex.org/W2314797279","https://openalex.org/W2340133307","https://openalex.org/W2469136893","https://openalex.org/W2516245010","https://openalex.org/W2586608479","https://openalex.org/W2609904403","https://openalex.org/W2793485340","https://openalex.org/W2795292812","https://openalex.org/W2826958936","https://openalex.org/W2907720739","https://openalex.org/W2914304134","https://openalex.org/W2918133675","https://openalex.org/W2922039547","https://openalex.org/W2925081773","https://openalex.org/W2997537588","https://openalex.org/W3007984191","https://openalex.org/W3047122575","https://openalex.org/W3087519340","https://openalex.org/W3134575468","https://openalex.org/W3134998289","https://openalex.org/W3137048718","https://openalex.org/W3170082793","https://openalex.org/W3183514698","https://openalex.org/W3199723496","https://openalex.org/W4243707808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405651799","https://openalex.org/W3183514698","https://openalex.org/W2559222347","https://openalex.org/W2888889989","https://openalex.org/W2048200929","https://openalex.org/W1983660811","https://openalex.org/W4292360440","https://openalex.org/W4200486457","https://openalex.org/W2183863667","https://openalex.org/W2752017410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Faba":[0],"leaves":[1,152,197,258],"are":[2,36],"an":[3,159,169],"unusual":[4],"vegetable":[5],"which":[6,20,35,243],"contain":[7],"not":[8,255],"only":[9],"a":[10,118,183,248],"range":[11],"of":[12,47,62,72,78,82,87,92,115,121,129,148,163,174,193,201,211,275],"functional":[13],"phytochemicals,":[14],"but":[15,252],"also":[16],"certain":[17],"undesirable":[18,90],"flavors,":[19,42],"limit":[21],"their":[22],"consumption.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"study,":[26],"several":[27],"cooking":[28,70,187,263],"methods":[29,188],"(microwaving,":[30],"roasting,":[31],"steaming,":[32],"and":[33,52,59,64,85,98,107,134,145,217],"boiling),":[34],"expected":[37],"to":[38,246],"reduce":[39],"the":[40,60,79,89,93,102,113,139,149,191,194,202,209,222,227,237,261,272,276],"odd":[41,53],"were":[43,153,221,233,254],"evaluated":[44],"in":[45,226,257],"terms":[46],"both":[48],"health":[49],"benefit":[50],"effects":[51],"flavor":[54,192],"factors,":[55],"including":[56],"antioxidant":[57,140,146,270],"activities":[58,147],"content":[61,81,104,114,144],"non-volatile":[63],"volatile":[65],"organic":[66],"compounds":[67],"(VOCs).":[68],"A":[69],"time":[71],"5":[73],"min":[74],"was":[75,182],"selected":[76],"because":[77,205],"high":[80],"l-dopa":[83,103,143,181],"(l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)":[84],"aim":[86],"reducing":[88],"flavors":[91],"cooked":[94,195],"faba":[95,151,196],"leaves.":[96,229],"Microwaving":[97,133],"steaming":[99,135],"significantly":[100,137,207],"increased":[101,112,138,269],"by":[105,236,260],"24%":[106],"19%,":[108],"respectively.":[109],"Roasting":[110],"specifically":[111],"flavonols,":[116],"exhibiting":[117],"28%":[119],"increase":[120],"kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside-7-O-rhamnoside,":[122],"representatively,":[123],"whereas":[124],"boiling":[125],"decreased":[126],"about":[127],"50%":[128],"most":[130],"phytochemicals":[131],"evaluated.":[132],"treatments":[136],"activities.":[141],"The":[142],"processed":[150,259],"strongly":[154],"positively":[155],"correlated":[156],"with":[157,199],"either":[158],"R2":[160,170],"=":[161,171],"0.863":[162],"DPPH":[164],"radical":[165,176],"scavenging":[166,177],"activity":[167],"or":[168],"0.856":[172],"value":[173],"ABTS":[175],"activity,":[178,271],"showing":[179],"that":[180,200],"key":[184],"antioxidant.":[185],"All":[186],"potentially":[189],"improved":[190],"compared":[198],"fresh":[203,228],"leaves,":[204],"they":[206,253],"reduced":[208],"contents":[210],"VOCs":[212,220],"such":[213],"as":[214],"alcohols,":[215],"aldehydes,":[216],"ketones.":[218],"These":[219],"main":[223],"components":[224],"(>90%)":[225],"Adverse":[230],"aromatic":[231,277],"hydrocarbons":[232,278],"newly":[234],"formed":[235],"microwaving":[238,267],"treatment,":[239],"typically":[240],"producing":[241],"p-xylene,":[242],"is":[244],"known":[245],"be":[247],"harmful":[249],"dose-dependent":[250],"compound,":[251],"detected":[256],"other":[262],"methods;":[264],"therefore,":[265],"although":[266],"efficiently":[268],"chemical":[273],"safety":[274],"produced":[279],"need":[280],"further":[281],"study.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}